NP235 UNIT 2 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| LATEST UPDATE
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Course
NP235.
Institution
NP235.
NP235 UNIT 2 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| LATEST UPDATE
Bone Scan - a nuclear imaging test . used if a patient has unexplained skeletal pain, a bone infection, or a bone injury that can't be seen on a standard X-ray.
A bone scan can diagnose - Fractures
Bone Scan - a nuclear imaging test . used if a patient has unexplained skeletal pain, a
bone infection, or a bone injury that can't be seen on a standard X-ray.
A bone scan can diagnose - Fractures
Arthritis
Paget's disease of bone
Cancer originating in bone
Cancer that has metastasized to bone from a different site
Infection of the joints, joint replacements or bones (osteomyelitis)
Impaired blood supply to bones or death of bone tissue (avascular necrosis
How does a bone scan work? - It detects changes in the metabolic activity of bone
-tag patients blood with radiopharmaceutical
Tracers will be injected into a vein in the patient's arm. The amount of time between the
injection and scan varies, depending on the reason the doctor has ordered the scan.
Some images may be taken immediately after the injection. But the main images are
taken two to four hours later to allow the tracer to circulate and be absorbed by the
bones.
Bone Scan Nursing Implications - Check for allergies and pregnancy.
The patient will be asked to lie quietly for 30-60 min during the scanning.
All metal must be removed from the area to be scanned.
Ensure patient that she will not be "radioactive."
The isotope is eliminated from the body in 6-24 hr.
Brain Scan (radionuclide Imaging) - used to detect an intracranial mass such as a
tumor, abscess, hematoma, or aneurysm. A radioisotope is administered IV. Abnormal
tissue usually absorbs more of the isotope than normal tissue. After a 1- to 3-hr waiting
period for absorption, a scintillation scanner is used to image the brain. The test takes
30 min-1 hr.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high
quality two- or three-dimensional images of brain structures without the use of ionizing
radiation (X-rays) or radioactive tracers.
What is a CAT Scan? - A machine that lets X-Ray beams focus on an object at different
levels.
Nursing Implications: MRI - The patient will sit or lie on a table;
, The scanner makes clicking noises;
The amount of radioactivity is very low and is not dangerous to the patient or others.
The patient will need to lie or sit still during the scanning.
A drug may be given the night before to block uptake of the radioactive element by the
thyroid and salivary glands.
There is no food or fluid restriction; no special aftercare.
How does a PET Scan Work - To assess for cell death, damage in brain tissue.
Radioactive material is given and provides differing color in areas of cellular activity.
PET scan Nursing implications - The procedure requires a signed consent form.
Explain that two IV lines will be inserted.
The patient is to avoid sedatives or tranquilizers before the test.
Ask the patient to empty their bladder before the test.
The patient may be asked to perform various activities during the test.
A ventilation scan - looks at how air moves in and out of the lungs. Radioactive gas is
inhaled and, when scanned, presents a pattern of ventilation in the lungs, In particular, it
looks at how air moves through the bronchi and bronchioles within the lungs. A tracer
will fill the lungs unless the patient has an area where the air cannot move.
A perfusion scan - looks at how blood is flowing within the lungs. An IV injection of
radionuclide-tagged, macroaggregated albumin is given and is absorbed evenly where
blood flow is normal. Areas that are not getting blood do not absorb the tracer.
Mammography - used to screen the breasts for abnormal growths, particularly cancer.
Breast discomfort from compression of the tissue during the test; occasional mild
bruising. Instruct the patient to wear no deodorant or lotion on the upper body and to
wear clothing that allows the top to be easily removed.
Breast MRI - used for women with dense breast tissue for whom a mammogram is not
reliable.
Carotid Ultrasound - used to determine whether blood flow in carotid arteries is
decreased or blocked.
Doctor will recommend if the pt. has had a TIA or stroke or risk factors like:
High blood pressure
Diabetes
High cholesterol
The family history of stroke or heart disease
Recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke
An abnormal sound in carotid arteries (bruit), detected by the doctor using a
stethoscope
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