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Unit 2: Chapter 3-4 in the Experiencing the Lifespan: Fourth Edition Textbook by Janet Belsky
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Unit 2: Chapter 3-4 in the Experiencing the Lifespan: Fourth Edition Textbook by Janet Belsky
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UNIT 2: CHAPTER 3-4 IN THEEXPERIENCING THE LIFESPAN:
FOURTH EDITION TEXTBOOK BY
JANET BELSKY
b myelination - Formation of a fatty layer encasing the axons of neurons. This process, which speed the
transmission of neural impulses, continues from birth to early childhood.
synaptogenesis - Forming of connections between neurons at the synapses. This process, responsible fit
all perceptions, actions, and thoughts, is most intense during infancy and childhood but continues
throughout life.
dendrite - A branching fiber that recieves information and conducts impulses toward the cell body of a
neuron.
axon - A long nerve fiber that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body of a neuron.
mylin sheath - ****The myelin sheath is the lubricant that premits the neural impulses to speedily flow.
This insulating layer may also determine whether cells thrive.
brain plasticity - ***Brain plasticity highlights the basic nature-combines-with-nurture principle that
governs human life.--- plastic- Malleable, or capable of being changed (used to refer neural or cognitive
development).
Compare a 1 year old's visual cortex to a 10 year old's visual cortex. - ***by the middle of the fetal
period the cells that compose the brain have migrated to the top of the neural tube,. During the final
months of pregnancy, and the first year of life, they differentiate into their mature form. In the visual
cortex, the part of the brain responsible for interpreting visual stimuli; the axons are mylinated by age 1.
Visual capabilities develop rapidly during the first year of life. But we wont need the skills to compose
symphonies, do higher math, or completely make our way around the world until we become adults.
Neural loss is critical to development tool. Following a phase of lavishly producing synapses, each cortical
region undergoes synaptic pruning and neural death. This shedding timetable also reflects our expanding
abilities. It begins at age 1 in the visual cortex. It starts during late childhood in the frontal lobes.
automatic reflex - reflex- A response or action that is automatic and programmed by noncortical brain
centers. (sucking reflex, rooting reflex, and grasping)
What are reflexes in general? - Reflexes are automatic activities
When do newborn reflexes develop? - after they exit the womb, present at birth
When do newborn reflexes disappear? - as the cortex grow. gradually dissapears after the first few
month sof life. by month four or five babies ni longer suck continually.
, What is the correct developmental sequence for infant eating? - newborns are born with sucking reflex
and rooting reflex. --- sucking reflex- The automatic, spontaneous sucking movements newborns
produce, especially when anything touches their lips. ------ rooting reflex- Newborns' auromatic response
to a touch on the cheek, involving turning toward that location and beginning to suck.----- sucking,
everything in the mouth, food pickiness
picky eater -
food insecurity:
- What is it?
- How many families in the US with childeren are affected by it? - -food insecurity- According to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture surveys, the number of households that report needing to serve unbalanced
meals, worrying about not having enough food at the end of the month , or having to go hungry due to
lack of money ( latter is severe food insecurity). ---According to th U.S. Department of Agriculture, in
2012 roughly one in six households with childeren was designated as food insecure.
food stamps - Food Stamp Program (Now called SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program): This
mainstay federal nurtition program provides electronic cards that participants ise like a debit card to buy
food. To qualify, a family must have no more than $2,000 in resources, such as a bank account, or $3,250
in resources if one person is disabled or age 60 and over. Families with young childeren make up the
majority of food stamp recipients.
collic
- what causes that? - Colic- A baby's frantic, continual crying during the first three months of life; caused
by an immature nervous system.
What is the best way to sooth a newborn infant? - kangaroo care- Carrying a young baby in a sling close
to the caregiver's body. This technique is most useful for soothing an infant.
****Animal studies suggest that you can do things to insolate protect that will help your infant ddeal
with long term stress. -
What do we know about the wake/sleep cycle of a newborn? - Full-term newborn babies typically sleep
for 18 hours out of a 24 hour day. newborns are in the sleepy/drowsy phase about 90% of the time. The
chart 3.4 shows Infants are: 3%- Nonalert awake; 3%- Fussing, crying; 7%- Alert awake; 7%- Drowsiness,
sleep-wake transition; 7%- Alert awake; 30%- Quiet sleep (slow, regular breathing); and 50%- Active
Sleep (REM Sleep, uneven breathing, smiling, grimacing). --- During the first year of life, infant sleep
patterns adapt to the human world.
What do we know about the wake/sleep cycle of a 1 year old? - At age 1, the typical pattern is roughly 12
hours of sleep a night with an additional morning and afternoon nap.
habituation - The predictable loss of interest that develops once a stimulus becomes familiar; used to
explore infant sensory capacities and thinking.
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