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Experiencing the lifespan; Belsky; fourth edition; Chapter 4
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Experiencing the lifespan; Belsky; fourth edition; Chapter 4
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EXPERIENCING THE LIFESPAN;BELSKY; FOURTH EDITION; CHAPTER 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
m Attachment - The powerful bond of love between a caregiver and child.
Toddlerhood - The important transitional stage after baby-hood, from roughly 1 year to 2 1/2 years of
age; defined by an intense attachment to caregivers and by an urgent need to become independent.
Primary attachment figure - The closest person in a child's or adult's life.
Proximity-seeking behavior - Acting to maintain physical contact or to be close to an attachment figure.
Social Smile - The first real smile, occurring at about 2 months of age.
Attachment in the making - Second phase of Bowlby's attachment sequence, when, from 4 to 7 months
of age, babies slightly prefer to primary caregiver.
Clear-cut attachment - Critical human attachment phase,from 7 months through toddlerhood, defined by
separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, and needing a primary caregiver.
Separation anxiety - Signal of clear-cut attachment when a baby gets upset as a primary caregiver
departs.
Stranger anxiety - Beginning at about 7 months of age, when a baby grows wary of people other than a
primary caregiver.
Social referencing - A baby's checking back and monitoring a caregiver for cues as to how to behave
while exploring; linked to clear-cut attachment.
Working model - In Bowlby's theory, the mental representation of a caregiver allowing children over age
3 to be physically apart from that primary attachment figure.
Stranger Situation - Mary Ainsworth's procedure to measure attachment at age 1, involving planned
separations and reunions with a caregiver.
Secure attachment - Ideal attachment response when a child responds with joy at being united with a
primary caregiver; or , in adulthood, the genuine intimacy that is ideal in love relationships.
Insecure attachment - Deviation from the normally joyful response of being united with a primary
caregiver, signaling problems in the caregiver-child relationship.
Avoidant attachment - An insecure attachment style characterized by a child's indifference to a primary
caregiver at being reunited after separation.
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