Human Growth and Development (NCE)
Questions & 100% Correct Answers
Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development)
✓ ~~> Created the stages of cognitive development. A structuralist, he
believed there are universal stages of psychological development and
each stage represents a qualitative difference in the way that the
person thinks or solves conflict. He often used his own children to verify
his theories.
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)
✓ ~~> 0-2. Sensations and perceptions. Master object permanence.
Emphasis on the senses: touch, vision, motor (sucking and grasping)
Preoperational Stage (Piaget)
✓ ~~> 2-7. Motor skills are acquired; egocentrism is strong but begins to
decline; no logical thinking yet; most rapid period of development
Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)
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✓ ~~> 7-12. The child develops the ability to understand constant factors
in the environment, rules, and higher-order symbolic systems.
Conservation is developed here.
Formal operational Stage (Piaget)
✓ ~~> 12-adulthood. Children develop the ability to think logically in the
abstract. They develop deductive reasoning skills and are capable of
achieving post-conventional moral reasoning.
Schema
✓ ~~> cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process, and
use information
Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral Development)
✓ ~~> Thought humans are intrinsically motivated to explore, and
become competent at functioning in, their environments. Morality is a
decision not a trait. Created the Stages of Moral Development.
Level 1: Pre-Conventional (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> people make decisions based on how it will impact them
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Obedience and punishment orientation (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> 1. Pre-Conventional; How can I avoid punishment?
Self-interest orientation (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> 2. Pre-Conventional; What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.
Level 2: Conventional (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> based on a desire to please others & follow accepted
values/rules
Interpersonal accord and conformity (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> 3. Conventional; Social norms, the good boy/girl attitude
Authority and social-order maintaining orientation (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> 4. Conventional; Law and order morality
Level 3: Post-Conventional (Kohlberg)
✓ ~~> Requires formal operational thinking, morality is based on
universal principles applied to individual circumstances
Social contract orientation (Kohlberg)
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