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CCDS IBHRE ACTUAL EXAM LATEST VERSION 2024 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+.$16.89
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CCDS IBHRE ACTUAL EXAM LATEST VERSION 2024
COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+.
Rheobase - correct Answers ✔✔ -the lowest point on a strength duration curve at an infinitely long pulse
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duration
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Chronaxie time - correct Answers ✔✔ -the pulse width at twice the rheobase value. It approximates the
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most efficient stimulation pulse duration
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Charge (formula) - correct Answers ✔✔ -Charge= I(current) x T(time)
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Furman's formula - correct Answers ✔✔ -Energy(microjoules)= I(current)xV(voltage)xT(pulse width)
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Ohms law formula - correct Answers ✔✔ -Voltage(electromotive force)= I(current/flow of electrons) x
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R(resistance to current flow in ohms)
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Functional Refractory Period - correct Answers ✔✔ -the coupling interval which first results in a
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measurable degree of delay in impulse conduction
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Effective Refractory Period - correct Answers ✔✔ -the longest coupling interval to be associated with block
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Devices with NO interaction with pacers - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. microwave oven, 2. CT scan/Ultrasound
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3. X-rays (diagnostic)
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Devices that cause transient or 1 beat inhibition - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. EAS 2. Cellphones 3. Arc Welding
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4. airport metal detector 5. TENS 6. Electric appliances such as electric blanket & power tools
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Devices that may damage the pacemaker - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. MRI 2. Defibrillator 3. Cardioversion 4.
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Cautery/RF Ablation 5. Radiation Therapy
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Resistance in Series - correct Answers ✔✔ -Series means the beginning of one resistance is connected to
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another
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,Sum the resistances: R1+R2= total resistance. EX: A LEAD FRACTURE (fractures INCREASE impedance)
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Resistance in Parallel - correct Answers ✔✔ -Parallel means all the resistances are connected to the same
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point.
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(R1xR2)/(R1+R2)= total resistance i i
EX: LEAD INSULATION DEFECTS (insulation defects DECREASE impedance)
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Permanent pacemakers are constant voltage or constant current? - correct Answers ✔✔ -ALL permanent
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pacemakers are constant voltage devices.
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SOME temp pacemakers are constant voltage, most are constant current.
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LOAD - correct Answers ✔✔ -Load refers to impedance (or resistance) applied to a circuit.
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A system with a SMALL load (low impedance) applied to the circuit is said to be a constant current device
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A system with LARGE load is said to be a constant voltage device
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Guidelines for Permanent Pacing - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. Patient is symptomatic
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2. The heart rate is less than 40 bpm
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3. Asystole of greater than 3 seconds is documented
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NOTE: Pt may be asymptomatic with 2 or 3
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Slew Rate - correct Answers ✔✔ -Slew rate = peak slope of an electrogram
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slew rate= change in voltage/ change in time
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Normal slew rate in atrium - correct Answers ✔✔ ->.3 V/s
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, Normal slew rate in ventricle - correct Answers ✔✔ ->.5V/s
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Steroid used in electrodes - correct Answers ✔✔ -dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the silicone core(a
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corticosteriod)
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Steroid-Eluting Electrodes - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. The acute threshold is relatively flat compared to non-
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steroid electrodes i
2. The initial capture threshold is similar to non-steroid leads
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Silicone Rubber lead insulation Pros - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. Can easily be repaired
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2. Flexible
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3. Proven performance history
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4. Easy to make
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Silicone Rubber lead insulation cons - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. high friction coefficient
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2. Absorbs lipids
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3. More thrombogenic and fibrotic
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4. Cuts easily
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5. Tears easily if suture tied too tightly
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6. Large diameter
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Polyurethane 80A - correct Answers ✔✔ -BAD i i i i i i
Polyurethane 55D - correct Answers ✔✔ -GOOD i i i i i i
polyurethane lead insulation pros - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. relatively nonthrombogenic/fibrotic
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2. thin walls
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3. high tear friction
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4. resists cutting
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5. low friction coefficient
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polyurethane lead insulation cons - correct Answers ✔✔ -1. cannot be repaired
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2. relatively stiff
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3. hard to make
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