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EEB 184 Midterm 2 Study Set Exam
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EEB 184 Midterm 2 StudySet Exam
heterotopy - Answer evolutionary change of physical location of a developmental
process
heterochrony - Answer Evolutionary change in the timing or rate of an organism's
development.
heterotypy - Answer changes in the identity of the signaling molecule itself, rather than
where, how, and when it is expressed
heterometry - Answer change in amount of gene expression
dolphin - Answer Reduced hind limb (heterometry),
forelimb hyperphalangy (heterochrony),
forelimb webbing/flippers (heterotopy)
fins to limbs - Answer - limbs have "one part, two parts, a lot of parts"
- fins have both endochondral and dermal bones, limbs have only endochondral bones
BMP - Answer
gremlin - Answer
Fgf - Answer
cell survival - Answer
cell proliferation - Answer
ZPA - Answer
AER - Answer
Shh - Answer
pitx1 - Answer a hindlimb gene that stops being expressed in pigeons with hindlimb
feathers (they express Tbx5 instead) Example of Heterotypy
tbx5 - Answer not expressed in wt pigeons, but highly expressed in hindlimb feathered
pigeons. (tbx5 is normally expressed in forelimb and makes feather). Example of
, Heterotypy
endochondral bone - Answer any bone that develops in and replaces cartilage.
Human limbs are made of this bone
dermal bone - Answer 'Bone on skin': plates and scales. Forms directly as bone
Present in aquatic fins
one part/two part/lots of parts - Answer general structure of limb development
Tiktaalik - Answer "missing link" thought to be a transitional form between fish and
tetrapods
novel structure - Answer
autopod - Answer
homologue - Answer the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or
genes, in different taxa
second phase of Hox expression - Answer
hoxa13/hoxd13 - Answer
endochondral disc - Answer
cell migration - Answer
lepidotrichia - Answer
digits - Answer
digit reduction - Answer
jerboa - Answer
cow - Answer
congential malformation - Answer most common birth defects (3%), where 1/10 deal
with limbs (polydactyly, syndactylym and oligodactyly)
polydactyly - Answer extra fingers or toes
syndactyly - Answer Fusion of digits
oligodactyly - Answer missing digits
non-syndromic - Answer Only effects one region of the body (could be effected by a
mutation of the enhancer)
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