Exam (elaborations)
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS EXAM 2
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PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS EXAM 2
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PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS EXAM 2Difference between informatory and explanatory thinking - Answers -Informatory
thinking: enhances the audience's awareness of new or unknown info about an already
familiar topic
Ex: health benefits of honey
Explanatory thinking: expands or deepens the audience's understanding of a
phenomenon, issue or topic
Ex: how honey is made
5 aspects to consider when choosing topic - Answers -1) Pick a topic that is not over
your listeners heads
Do not use too much technical jargon/ talk about something your audience will
understand
2) Pick a topic that is not too personal
Classroom appropriate
3) Pick an intriguing topic
"Would I like to be an audience member for a speech on this topic?"
4) Pick topics that are manageable.
Make sure topic is not so broad you cannot cover it in time constraint
Prioritize most important info
5) Pick a topic that has substance
Think about topic that audience may not know much about
self-focused delivery - Answers -concentrating on what you are doing instead of
engaging with audience
message-focused delivery - Answers -concentrating on content of speech/remembering
the speech
audience-focused delivery - Answers -involving audience in speech; "having convo" with
audience and talking to audience as individuals
Monroe's motivated sequence speaking organizational style - Answers -persuasive
speaking
brings attention to specific need then provides course of action to solve need
1) Attention: gain attention of audience
2) Need: convince audience there is vital need to address particular problem
3) Satisfaction: propose clear, feasible solution- examples, testimony, stats
4) Visualization: urge audience to visualize: 1) what world would look like if audience
adopts solution 2) what world will look like if they don't
5) Action: call audience to respond immediately to problem
Ex: "convince audience to make appointment at University counseling center"
, Thesis statement→ attention → Main points: need, satisfaction, visualization, call to
action
refutation speaking organizational style - Answers -persuasive speaking
when dealing w controversial issues; list objections of audience and provide rebuttal for
each
Goals and techniques for intro and conclusion - Answers -Introduction: capture attention
of audience, establish relevance of topic to audience, establish credibility of speaker,
states thesis of presentation, and provides initial preview of pres.
Capture their attention
1.Use startling statement or statistic
2. Ask a rhetorical question
3. Use a quotation
4. Tell a story/personal account
Conclusion Goals: reviews main points, restates thesis, reestablishes credibility,
provides takeaway message, and brings closure
Show audience relevance: tell them what they will learn/how it will impact them
Establish credibility: cite source
How do visual aid benefit speaker and audience - Answers -Make presentation more
interesting for audience
Dual coding: when streams of info are unrelated (when you listen to pres. While staring
out a window) they interfere w each other; when streams work together, they reinforce
each other and improve audience interest and recall
Visual aids assist speaker in explaining complex ideas and improve professional
credibility
Types of visual aids - Answers -1) objects: capture audience attention
2) visual representations: map, drawing, diagram, photograph
3) numerical clarifiers: chart or graph; simplify complex numerical concepts/data
Elaboration Likelihood Model - Answers -effective speakers should adjust their message
based upon the level of involvement of the audience; important to know how complex
visual aids need to be in order to effectively persuade audience
a) Central route: use when audience is deeply involved in topic & analyzing message
intensely; detailed, well constructed arguments; detailed numerical clarifiers-specific
stats
b) Peripheral route: audience is not so involved; focus on how message is packaged not
details; establish cred., be likable, use attractive vis. aids
Key elements of designing visual aid - Answers -1) Create a consistent look and feel
-design template: pre-existing template included in presentation software that unifies
the color, scheme, graphic, and structure of a set of slides
-slide master: ppt feature that allows a presenter to make individual changes that will
apply to every slide in the show
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