4 less common routes for drug administration. - Correct Answer 1. Inter-arterial
2. Intra-thecal - Spinal area
3. Intra-articular - Into joints.
4. Epidural
A physician orders 10mg of a drug be given once daily. The drug is only available in a 20mg and 50mg tablet. What
would the dose be? - Correct Answer desired dose/available dose =
10mg/20mg = 1/2
The dose for this patient would be to take ½ of the 20mg tablet daily (that tablet would need to be scored for splitting).
A receptor is - Correct Answer a reactive site on the surface or inside a cell
Abatacept (Orencia) - Correct Answer 1. Anti-rheumatic arthritis drug.
2. For RA
Abatacept (Orencia) problems - Correct Answer Anti rheumatic arthritis
1. History of recurrent infections or COPD
2. Up to date immunizations before therapy
3. May increase risk of infections
4. May decrease response to vaccines
5. No use if active infection present.
6. Can reactivate TB or hepatitis infections from the past.
Absorption - Correct Answer the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
Absorption + PPIs and Ircon - Correct Answer -Mechanism: The iron requires an acidic environment for absorption
-Result: Decreases the blood levels of iron leading to it being less effective
Active immunity produced from: - Correct Answer 1. Vaccines
2. Toxoids
Acute Therapy - Correct Answer 1. Implemented because someone is ill
2. Treatment of disease to sustain life.
Acyclovir (Zovirax) - Correct Answer 1. Genital herpes and herpes simples.
2. Given IV, po, topical
Adverse effect - Correct Answer general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect
Age related changes in pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer (1) Absorption - Drug absorption is delayed due to
decreased intestinal blood flow, surface area and motility- this slows the onset of action
(2) Distribution - Distribution is increased leading to increased drug effect due to decreased body water, lean body
mass and increased fat content
,(3) Metabolism - Drug metabolism decreases increasing the duration of the drug due to decrease in blood flow to the
liver and decrease in liver enzymes
(4) Excretion - Excretion is decreased due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys and overall decreased renal
function as one ages
Agonist receptor - Correct Answer works to activate a physiologic response or drug effect
Aldesleukin (Proleukin) - Correct Answer Interleukin drug
Alkylating Agent toxic effect - Correct Answer 1. Huge risk for bone suppression.
2. N/V so increase fluids
3. Issues with peripheral neuropathy
4. Watch for infiltration - extravasation.
Alkylating Agents description (3) - Correct Answer 1. Developed from mustard gas agents.
2. Interfere with cell division and structure of DNA during all phases of cell cycle.
3. Used with variety of malignancies.
Amino-glycoside Blood levels - Correct Answer Peaks and troughs measured to ensure adequate renal clearance
and avoid toxicity.
Amino-glycoside contra - Correct Answer Pregnancy
Amino-glycoside description - Correct Answer 1. Bactericidal
2. Inhibit protein synthesis
3. Given IM or IV
4. Poor absorption, so no PO
Amino-glycoside Indications - Correct Answer 1. Serious gram neg. infections - very potent antibiotics
2. Active resistant TB
Antagonist receptor - Correct Answer works to interfere with other drugs or substances from producing a drug-effect
Anti fungal drugs (4) - Correct Answer 1. Amphotericin B
2. Nystatin
3. Fluconazole
4. Terbinafine
Anti malarial - Correct Answer Chloroquine (Aralen)
Anti Malarial Adverse - Correct Answer GI, HA, Seizures, Personality changes (possible psychiatric instability)
Anti-neoplastic agents are delivered by - Correct Answer 1. Central line
2. PIC line (peripherally inserted catheter)
3. Groshong catheter
Anti-Neoplastic agents characteristics - Correct Answer 1. Interfere with cell replication, supply of nutrients, genetics
in the nucleus
2. Cell cycle specific or cell cycle nonspecific
3. Drug resistance
4. Harmful to rapidly dividing healthy cells.
Anti-neoplastic agents must be given by - Correct Answer a certified chemotherapy nurse
Anti-tumor / Cytotoxic antibiotics - Correct Answer 1. Bind to DNA and block DNA and RNA trancrtiption
Anti-tumor / Cytotoxic antibiotics Toxic effects (6) - Correct Answer 1. Bone marrow suppression
2. GI upset
3. Cardiotoxicity
4. Tissue necrosis with IV infiltration
5. Alopecia
6. Anemia, SOB, Increased issues with hepatic function.
6. May turn urine red
Anti-tumor / Cytotoxic antibiotics use - Correct Answer Leukemia, Cancer of Breast, lung, and ovary
Antibiotics - Correct Answer 1. For more serious infections.
2. Usually given when hospitalized.
3. Many only given parenterally.
4. Many used for multi-resistant infections.
Antimetabolites - Correct Answer 1. Cell cycle specific
2. Deprive the cell of substances needed for DNA formation
3. Effective against rapidly growing tumors.
Antimetabolites toxic effects - Correct Answer 1. Bone marrow suppression
2 Mucositis
3. GI ulcerations
4. Alopecia
Antiviral description - Correct Answer Inhibit replication of Influenza A virus or B
Aqueous Preparations - Correct Answer syrups - a solution of water and sugar to which a drug is added
Azithromycin (Zithromax) - Correct Answer 1. Macrolide
2. Very popular (short duration, high compliance
3. Fewer GI Issues than erythromycin
AZT generic name - Correct Answer Zidovudine trade name
Bactericidal - Correct Answer Kills the bacteria
Bacteriostatic - Correct Answer Do not kill bacteria, inhibit growth.
Biliary excretion - Correct Answer when some drugs are excreted through the intestines
Bioavailability - Correct Answer A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to
100%).
Black Box Warnings - Correct Answer Results when a pattern of severe reactions begin to emerge on newly market
drugs.
Blood brain Barrier - Correct Answer Keeps drugs from crossing over to the brain.
Calculating Dosages using a proportion equation: The physician orders 50mg of a drug that is available in a
22mg/5ml solution. How many ml would the patient need? - Correct Answer (22mg/5ml) = (50mg/xml)
Solve for X:
22x = 50 (5)
22x = 250
x = 11.4mL
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