1.Primary function of the Respiratory System: Absorption of O2 &
exretion of CO2 called "external respiration
2.Internal respiration: Gas exchange between tissue cells & systemic
capillary blood
3.Secondary function of the Respiratory System: Filter both inhaled
contami- nants and small clots or chemicals from flood
4.External respiration: the exchange of gases between the atmosphere
and the blood
5.Embryonic period: • Occurs during the first 8 weeks
• Where all major organs begin development
6.Fetal period: Occurs during remaining 32 weeks of gestation
,Organized into 23 stages (Carnegie stages)
7.Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm: 3 germinal tissue layers will form all tissues and organs
8.Embryonic period: At what point in fetal development do all major
organs begin their development?
9.Endoderm: Inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the
digestive and respiratory systems
Epithelium lining (Respiratory system)
Mucous & Gas exchange membranes (Digestive system)
10.Mesoderm: Middle germ layer; Surrounds the lung bud
Forms supporting structures of tracheobronchial tree
•Muscle
•Connective tissues
,11.Ectoderm: Outermost germ layer; Forms nervous system of
respiratory tract
12.Respiratory System Development: On or about day 22 after
fertilization First a mass of cells forms a pouch-like bud
Many stages of development into branching airways & blood
vessels Highly regulated by activation of various genes
, 13.40 out of 22,0000: Human genes required for normal respiratory
system devel- opment
14.Cystic fibrosis (CF): Defect on chromosome 7 results in pulmonary,
gastroin- testinal, & endocrine dysfunction
15.Emphysema: A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the
alveoli
Antitrypsin deficiency (mutation on chromosome 14)
16.Asthma: chronic respiratory disease in which the air passageways
become narrower than normal
Multiple gene alterations (affects about 10% of population
17.Canalicular stage: Week 16-23; life is possible
2-4 generations of respiratory bronchioles form
•Primitive Acini from, covered with type I & II pneumocytes
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