BIO 201-Chapter 2 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Biochemistry ✅The study of the molecules that compose living organisms
Element ✅The simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
Trace Elements ✅Elements that count for less then 0.02% body weight
Minerals ✅inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and assed up
the food chain to humans and other organisms.
Atoms are made up of ✅Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Protons ✅located in the nucleus of the atom, has a single positive charge
Neutrons ✅located in the nucleus of the atom, has no charge
Electrons ✅located outside the nucleus of the atom, are tiny particles with a single
negative charge and very low mass.
Valence Electrons ✅Electrons of the outermost shell of an atom
Isotopes ✅elements wich differ from one another only in number of neutrons and in
atomic mass.
radioisotopes ✅unstable isotopes
radioactivity ✅the process of decay on an isotope
ionizing radiation ✅caused by high-energy radiation, which rejects electrons from
atoms, converting atoms to ions.
Physical Half-life ✅the time required for 50% of a radioisotopes atoms to decay to a
more stable state.
Biological Half-life of a radioisotope is the ✅time required for half of it to disappear
from the body
Ions ✅are charged particles with unequal numbers of proton and electrons
anion ✅is a particle that gains electrons and acquires a negative charge
, cation ✅looses electrons and acquires a positive charge
Electrolytes ✅salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting
electricity
Free Radicals ✅Chemical properties with an odd number of electrons.
Antioxidant ✅a chemical that neutralizes free radicals
Molecules ✅chemical particles composed of 2 or more atoms united by a COVALENT
chemical bond (The sharing of electrons)
Compounds ✅molecules composed of 2 or more different elements
Isomer ✅molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangements of
their atoms
molecular weight (MW)of a compound is ✅the sum of the atomic weights of its atoms
A molecule is held together , and molecules are attracted to one another by forces
called ✅chemical bonds
the bonds of greatest physiological interest are ✅ionic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
and
Van der Walls forces
Ionic bonds ✅is the week attraction of a cation to an anion, easily disrupt in water as
when salt dissolves
Covalent bonds ✅from by the sharing of electrons between nuclei
Single Covalent bonds ✅Sharing of one electron pair
Double Covalent bonds ✅sharing of 2 electron pairs, often between carbon atoms,
carbon and oxygen or carbon and nitrogen
Non-polar Covalent bonds ✅where electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei
**Strongest type of chemical bond**
Polar Covalent bond ✅electrons are more attracted to one nucleus then to another
Correct Answers
Biochemistry ✅The study of the molecules that compose living organisms
Element ✅The simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
Trace Elements ✅Elements that count for less then 0.02% body weight
Minerals ✅inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and assed up
the food chain to humans and other organisms.
Atoms are made up of ✅Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Protons ✅located in the nucleus of the atom, has a single positive charge
Neutrons ✅located in the nucleus of the atom, has no charge
Electrons ✅located outside the nucleus of the atom, are tiny particles with a single
negative charge and very low mass.
Valence Electrons ✅Electrons of the outermost shell of an atom
Isotopes ✅elements wich differ from one another only in number of neutrons and in
atomic mass.
radioisotopes ✅unstable isotopes
radioactivity ✅the process of decay on an isotope
ionizing radiation ✅caused by high-energy radiation, which rejects electrons from
atoms, converting atoms to ions.
Physical Half-life ✅the time required for 50% of a radioisotopes atoms to decay to a
more stable state.
Biological Half-life of a radioisotope is the ✅time required for half of it to disappear
from the body
Ions ✅are charged particles with unequal numbers of proton and electrons
anion ✅is a particle that gains electrons and acquires a negative charge
, cation ✅looses electrons and acquires a positive charge
Electrolytes ✅salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting
electricity
Free Radicals ✅Chemical properties with an odd number of electrons.
Antioxidant ✅a chemical that neutralizes free radicals
Molecules ✅chemical particles composed of 2 or more atoms united by a COVALENT
chemical bond (The sharing of electrons)
Compounds ✅molecules composed of 2 or more different elements
Isomer ✅molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangements of
their atoms
molecular weight (MW)of a compound is ✅the sum of the atomic weights of its atoms
A molecule is held together , and molecules are attracted to one another by forces
called ✅chemical bonds
the bonds of greatest physiological interest are ✅ionic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
and
Van der Walls forces
Ionic bonds ✅is the week attraction of a cation to an anion, easily disrupt in water as
when salt dissolves
Covalent bonds ✅from by the sharing of electrons between nuclei
Single Covalent bonds ✅Sharing of one electron pair
Double Covalent bonds ✅sharing of 2 electron pairs, often between carbon atoms,
carbon and oxygen or carbon and nitrogen
Non-polar Covalent bonds ✅where electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei
**Strongest type of chemical bond**
Polar Covalent bond ✅electrons are more attracted to one nucleus then to another
