Biol 201 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 201
Institution
BIO 201
Patterns of Darwinian Evolution change over time, change over geographic distance, resemblance to fossils, homology, vestigial traits
Processes of Darwinian Evolution Descent with modification (evolution happens to populations, not individuals), natural selection (sorting process)
Under the theor...
Biol 201 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
Patterns of Darwinian Evolution ✅change over time, change over geographic distance,
resemblance to fossils, homology, vestigial traits
Processes of Darwinian Evolution ✅Descent with modification (evolution happens to
populations, not individuals), natural selection (sorting process)
Under the theory of evolution as formulated by Darwin, why did the long-legged tree-
dwelling anoles change when they were moved to an island with a bushy habitat that
favored individuals with shorter legs?
A. They were eliminated from the bushes, and only found in tree-filled habitats where
their long legs were adaptive.
B. Individuals that were placed on bushes grew shorter legs in response. This change
was passed on to offspring.
C. Individuals that happened to have shorter legs produced more offspring than
individuals with longer legs. As a result, the characteristics of the population changed
over time.
D. A supernatural power made the anoles have shorter legs, so they could survive
better in the bushy habitat. ✅C
Evolution will occur if what 3 conditions are met ✅variation, heritability, differential
survival or reproductive success
Common misconceptions about evolution ✅populations change because they need to,
changes in a population occur through gradual change in all members of a population,
the environment directly causes change and/or mutation, mutations are intentional
adaptive responses, offspring only inherit traits that are beneficial, acquired
characteristics are inheritable
What is a phylogeny? ✅A model or hypothesis of the branching relationships of
populations as they give rise to multiple descendant populations
What do branches represent in phylogenies? ✅populations evolving through time
What do nodes represent in phylogenies? ✅points in time when populations diverge
What is a clade? ✅a collection of branches and nodes that includes an ancestor and
all of its descendants
, What is a paraphyletic group? ✅an ancestral species and some of its descendants
(not all)
What information do branch lengths convey in phylogenies? ✅none
Homology ✅shared derived character
analogy ✅convergent evolution
The Principle of Parsimony (Ockham's Razor) ✅the most parsimonious model is the
one that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes in the traits under
consideration
How to choose between evolutionary hypothesis using parsimony ✅add an outgroup
and compare
Problem with theory of blending inheritance ✅erodes genetic variation over time
What was solution to the blending theory and Darwin's theory? ✅mendelian
inheritance- genes act like discrete particles and do not become blended
Genetic variation ✅the component of phenotypic variation that is inherited
"and" probability rule ✅multiply probabilities
"or" probability rule ✅add probabilities (all combinations)
Why does simultaneous treatment with multiple drugs slow down the evolution of drug
resistance in HIV? ✅The probability of having a mutation that makes it resistant to 1
drug is small, but the probability of being resistant to 3 drugs simultaneously is almost 0
Mendelian genetics ✅Describes the transmission of alleles from individual parents to
individual offspring
Population Genetics ✅Describes the transmission of alleles in a population from one
generation to the next
Does Mendelian inheritance, alone, cause a change in allele or genotype frequencies?
✅No, need differential in reproductive success
Will recessive alleles "die out"? ✅No, unless they are selected against
Is Mendelian inheritance an evolutionary force? ✅No
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