NURS 215 FUNDAMENTAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE NOTES FROM THE
LECTURE LATEST UPDATED ARIZONA
COLLEGE OF NURSING
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215 Final Exam Study Guide
Module 1 Scope and Practice
(ATI fundamentals for nursing 10.0 chap 1-6 and 32) (basic nursing chapter 1, 16 and 21)
What is a Nurse? ANA defined nursing as <the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to
actual and potential health problems=
Brief History of Nursing:
● Florence nightingale is known for making hospitals a cleaner and safer place to be.
● Dorothea Dix served as superintendent of u.s army nurses
● Clara Barton provided care in tents set up close to the flighting (established American
red cross)
● Lillian wald and mary brewster pioneers of public health nursing founded the henry
street settlement in new york to fight the spread of diseases among poor immigrants
● Edward Lyon was the first male nurse to receive a commission as a reserve officer
● Mary Mahoney first African American graduate nurse in the u.s cofounded the national
associated of colored graduates
The Image of Nursing
● Nurses today are highly trained, well-educated caring, and competent professionals, they
are essential members of the healthcare team.
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Focus on role and responsibility:
Role Function Examples
Direct care Addressing the physical, emotional, Listening to lung sounds.
provider social, and spiritual needs of the pt Giving meds and client
teaching
Communicator Use therapeutic communication skills to Counseling a pt, discussing
address pt needs, promote community staffing needs at a unit
about health promotion and disease meeting, providing HIV
prevention education at school
client /family Assessing and dx the teaching needs of the Preoperative teaching,
educator pt or daily. Once dx is made nurses plan prenatal education for
how to meet these. Implement and siblings, community classes
evaluate its effectiveness on nutrition
Client advocate Supporting pt9s right to make health care Helping pt explain to his
decisions family that he does not what
is further chemo
Counselor Using therapeutic skills to advise pt9s Counseling a pt on weight
about health-related issues loss strategies
Change agent Advocating for change on an individual Working to improve the
nutritional quality of the
lunch program at a preschool
leader Inspiring others by setting an example of Florence nightingale
positive health
Manager Coordinating and managing the activities Charge nurse on a hospital
of all members of the team unit (assigns pt9s to staff
nurses)
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Introduction to the Nursing Process framework:
assessment/ data Collection of information about pt9s present health (subjective data what
collection the pt states) (objective data what the nurse9s or vital signs)
analysis/data Using critical thinking skills (a dx reasoning process) to identify pt9s
collection health statuses or problems
Planning Nurses must establish priorities and optimal outcomes of care they can
readily measure and evaluate. Establish priorities and outcomes of pt
care then direct nurses in selecting interventions to include in a plan of
care to promote, maintain or restore health
Implementation Nurses perform nursing actions, delegate tasks, supervise other health
care staff and document the care and pt responses
Evaluation Nurses evaluate pt9s responses to nursing interventions and form a
clinical judgment about the extent to which pt have met the goals and
outcomes
What guides decision-making: Clinical decision making for nurses is influenced by several
factors including experience, knowledge, environment, team, supervisor support, and
professionalism.
Maslow9s Hierarchy:
ABCSDEF (A is the highest priority to F being the last)
A=AIRWAY
B=BREATHING
C= CIRCULATION
D= DISCOMFORT
E= EDUCATION
F= FEElINGS
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