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COMSAE ALL EXAMS STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS |LATEST 2024/2025
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COMSAE ALL EXAMS STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS. Vecuronium neuromuscular blocking drugs>> muscle paralysis in surgery or mechanical ventilation; NONDEPOLARIZING (CUR'S) competitive antagonsits> compete ACh for receptors Reversal= neostigmine *given w/ atropine to avoid muscarin...

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  • September 13, 2024
  • 41
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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COMSAE ALL EXAMS STUDY GUIDE
WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.

Vecuronium neuromuscular blocking drugs>> muscle paralysis in
surgery or mechanical ventilation; NONDEPOLARIZING (CUR'S)

competitive antagonsits> compete ACh for receptors

Reversal= neostigmine *given w/ atropine to avoid muscarinics such as
bradycardia, edrophonium and other cholinesterase inhibitors



Succinylcholine depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug-- strong
ACh receptor agonist>> produce sustained depot and prevent muscle
contraction



Musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7 upper trunk compression cause injury;
loss forearm flexion/supination; loss sensation over lateral forearm



Axillary nerve C5-C6 flat deltoid; loss arm abduction, loss sensation
over deltoid and lateral arm



Radial C5-T1 mid shaft fracture humerus, compression axilla


Phenylalanine BH4> tyrosine (>thyroxine)> dopa (to melanin)> B6
dopamine> vitamin C> NE> SAM> Epi

,Tryptophan -B2/B6> Niacin> NAD/NADP
-BH4, B6> serotonin> melatonin



Histidine B6> histamine



Glycine B6> porphyrin> heme



wilson Disease copper transporting ATPase; ATP7B on Chromosome 13



s/s: before 40 yo, liver dz, neurodisease, psych dz, Kayser Fleischer ring,
hemolytic anemia, renal dz;
find: dec serum ceruloplasmin, inc urine copper
tx: chelation w/ penicillamine or Tridentine, oral zinc



Hemochromatosis recessive, HFE, chromosome 6; abnormal iron
sensing, increase intestinal absorb



find: inc ferritin, inc iron, dec TIBC, inc transferrin saturation
identify w/ Prussian blue stain/ liver MRI



Hemochromatosis finds after age 40
>20 iron;

triad: cirrhosis, DM, skin pigmentation; dilated cardiomyopathy,
hypogonadism, arhtropathy; HCC is common cause death

,Treatment Hemochromatosis repeat phlebotomy, chelation deferasirox,
deferoxamine, oral deferiprone



Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome MC ventricular pre excitation
syndrome



abnml fast atria to ventricle (bundle of Kent); bypasses AV node>>
ventricles begin partially depolarization earlier (NOTED BY DELTA WAVE ON
EKG) widened QRS and shortened PR



Conduction pathway heart SA node> atira> AV node> bundle HIS, R
and L bundle branches> purkinje fibers> ventricles



L branch anterior/posterior fascicles



Edema inc capillary pressure
dec plasma proteins (dec oncotic capillary pressure)

inc capillary permeability

increase interstitial fluid colloid oncotic pressure



Celiac Disease setting: 14 mo kid losing weight eating lots of foods;



histology: crypt abnormalities (hyperplasia); villous atrophy, lymphocytic
infiltration

, presents as malabsorbtion (diarrhea etc in kids)

in adults= short stature, anemia delayed puberty



Amino Acids only L in proteins; glucogenic I met his valentine, she's so
sweet (glycogenic)

methionine

histidine

valine

=gluconeogenic



Glucogenic/ketogenic isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan



Ketogenic leucine, lysine



Acidic amino acids aspartic acid

glutamic acid
neg charged @ body pH



Basic Histidine

Arginine

Lysine

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