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PORTAGE BIOLOGY MODULE 6 TEST WITH FULL PACK SOLUTIONS.
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PORTAGE BIOLOGY MODULE 6 TEST WITH FULL PACK SOLUTIONS.
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PORTAGE BIOLOGY MODULE 6 TESTWITH FULL PACK SOLUTIONS
1. Eukaryotic cells: have membrane bound nucleus, organelles specific to
each cell, size of 10-100um in diameter, animal eukaryotic cells lack
well walls, plant eukaryotic cells have rigid cell walls, may be single
celled or multi celled organisms.
2. Prokaryotic cells: lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles, ranges from 1-5um, always single celled.
3. Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic: contain cytosol, chromosomes with
DNA and ribosomes to manufacture proteins
4. Nucleoid region: a non-membrane found area of the prokaryotic cell
that con- tains bacterial chromosomes and DNA
5. Plasmids: Small, circular regions of DNA in bacteria (prokaryotic), can
replicated independently from other plasmids in the bacterial cell.
6. Cytoplasm: A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles,
ribosomes, or plasmids are suspended. present in both eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells.
7. Prokaryotic ribosomes: not membrane bound, small, unique RNA and
protein content
8.Plasma membrane: Allows diffusion of certain ions and small molecules
and may also provide an area for metabolic functions.
9. Cell wall: responsible for shape of cells and protection against
environmental stressors. Present in some eukaryotic and all
prokaryotic cells.
10.Three accessory structures that facilitate movement and attachment
in bacteria: Capsules, fimbriae, flagella
11.Capsule (glycocalyx): May surround bacterial cell well, thick layers of
proteins or polysaccharides. Sticky so adheres to host cells/other
bacteria.
12.Fimbriae: Protein structures extending from cell wall that have
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, PORTAGE BIOLOGY MODULE 6 TEST
WITH FULL PACK SOLUTIONS
short, hair like appearance. Used for attachment to host cells or other
bacteria.
13.Flagella: Whip like structures that allow prokaryotes to move. May
be located randomly or concentrated at one end.
14.Peptidoglycan: A type of polymer in bacterial (prokaryotic) cell walls
consisting of modified sugars NAG and NAM, cross-linked by short
polypeptides.
15.Describe the gram stain procedure: STAIN: Flood with crystal violet
solution. Flood with Gram's Iodine solution, and allow to act
DECOLORIZE Flood slide with 95% alcohol
COUNTERSTAIN: Flood slide with safranin solution and allow to
counterstain Gram + have the peptidoglycan layer that is capable of
retaining the violet/iodine complex
16.Gram positive cell wall: thick peptidoglycan layer, stain deep
crystal violet color, treatable with penicillin antibiotics
17.Gram negative bacteria: Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell
wall sur- rounding plasma membrane. then covered by an outer plasma
membrane composed
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