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FCCN level 1 Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers
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FCCN level 1 Exam Questions & 100%Correct Answers
third spacing - ✔✔- fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in
the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - ✔✔- no it will aggreggate the platelets
hyponatremia - ✔✔- less than 135 -145
- weakness
- abdominal cramping/leg cramps
- dizzy
- change in LOC
- seizures
different ways to treat hyponatremia - ✔✔- hypovolemic (give IV fluid)
- euvolemic (fluid restriction)
,- hypervolemic (diuretic)
severe hyponatremia - ✔✔- EMERGENCY
- below 115
- give hypertonic saline if patient is symptomatic
- in ICU setting
*infused slowly in small amounts....be prepared to handle seizures*
hypokalemia ECG changes - ✔✔- prolonged QT
- ST depression
*U WAVE is hallmark sign*
if you see a U wave then YOU need K+
hypokalemia - ✔✔- 3.5 to 5
- muscle weakness
hyperkalemia ECG changes - ✔✔- tall tented T waves is the earliest sign
- AV blocks
treating hyperkalemia - ✔✔- Calcium chloric or gluconate to antagonize cardiac abnormalities
- Bicarbonate for pt with acidosis
- IV insulin and 50% dextrose to shift K into cells
- kayexelate (fecal excretion of K)
, - dialysis for ARF
hypocalcemia - ✔✔8.5 - 10.2
- tetany
- muscle cramps
- trousseau's and chvosteks sign
- colicky abdominal pain
treating hypocalcemia - ✔✔- IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride (CENTRAL LINE)
- consider seizure precautions
- replace Mg in addition to Ca because pt might not respond to Ca treatment
hypercalcemia - ✔✔caused by
- cancers and hyperparathyroidism
- excessive Ca and Vit. D supplements
- muscle weakness
- depressed CNS (confusion)
- dysrhythmias (prolong QT, AV block)
- abdominal pain
treating hypercalcemia - ✔✔- administer IV NS to promote diuresis
- administer loop diuretics
- corticosteroids to decrease absorption from GI
- phosphates to decrease breakdown of bones by inhibiting release
- dialysis
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