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TEST BANK - MASSAGE THERAPY-PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 7TH EDITION (SALVO, 2023), CHAPTER 1-30 | ALL CHAPTERS ;COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE.
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TEST BANK - MASSAGE THERAPY-PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 7TH EDITION (SALVO, 2023), CHAPTER 1-30 | ALL CHAPTERS ;COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE.TEST BANK - MASSAGE THERAPY-PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 7TH EDITION (SALVO, 2023), CHAPTER 1-30 | ALL CHAPTERS ;COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE.TEST BANK - MASSAGE THERAPY-PRINCIPLES ...

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  • September 13, 2024
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TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo j j j j j j




Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
j j j j j j j j j j j j




Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
j j j j




MULTIPLE CHOICE j




1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



j clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
j j j j



a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy j



d. Massage therapy j




ANS: D j



Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
j j j j j j j j j



decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
j j j j j j j j j j j



self-care purposes.
j j




2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
j j j j j j j



a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B j



The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit makeh,
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



and the French masser.
j j j j




3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
j j j j j j j j j j j j



a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C j



By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures. Historically,
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
j j j j j j j j j j j j




4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece

ANS: B j



Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China. Acupuncture
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
j j j j j j j j j




5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
j j j j j j j j j j j j j

, a. Tao Te Ching j j



b. Nei Ching j



c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum j




ANS: B j



At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this work contains
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
j j j j j j j j j j




6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



j therapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D j



Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



therapies, manual and energetic.
j j j j




7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
j j j j j j j



a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A j



Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage became
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the Ayurveda
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable healing
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



procedure.
j




8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



j from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
j j j j j j j j j j



a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B j



Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
j j j j j j j j j j j j



Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu j j j j j j j j j j j j



practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
j j j j j j j j j j j j j




9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
j j j j j j j j j j



a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes

, d. Hippocrates

ANS: D j



Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of numerous
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are collectively known as the
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about disease and medicine in
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of modern Western
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
j j j j j j j j j j j j




10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



j East and the West?
j j j



a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C j



A text entitled
j j or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest j j j j j j j j j j j j



Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and the West.
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j




11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A j



Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
j j j j j j j j j j j j



individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated joints
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



and other orthopedic conditions.
j j j j




12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



contraction of the heart?
j j j j



a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C j



English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628, and
j j j j j j j j j j j j



his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart muscular
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
j j j j j j j j




13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
j j j j j j j j j j j



a. Johann Mezger j



b. Pehr H. Ling j j



c. George Henry Taylor j j

, d. John Harvey Kellogg j j




ANS: B j



Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
j j j j j j j j j j j j



esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
j j j j j j j




14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
j j j j j j j j



a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage j



d. Swedish massage j




ANS: D j



The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system. For
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
j j j j j j j j j j j




15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



j massage techniques? j



a. Johann Mezger j



b. William Harvey j



c. Pehr H. Ling j j



d. Charles Taylor j




ANS: A j



French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
j j j j j j j j j j j j



Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
j j j j j j j j j j j j



massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
j j j j j j j j j




16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



a. Tiffany Field j



b. Florence Nightingale j



c. Charles Fayette Taylor j j



d. John Harvey Kellogg j j




ANS: B j



Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
j j j j j j j j j j j j j



wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care for
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed, massage
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their comfort
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j



measures.
j




17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
j j j j j j j j j j



during which event?
j j j



a. World War I j j



b. World War II j j



c. Civil War j



d. Viet Nam War j j




ANS: A j

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