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Biomolecules
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, 1. (x (1120)Carbohydrates general formula :
y
.
2 Acetic acid fits general formula but it isn't a
Carbohydrate ,
like wise
Rhamnose GH , is a
Carbohydrate but doesn't fit the general formula
.
3
Carbohydrates are defined as
optically active
polyhydoxy aldehydes or ketones
or the
compounds which produce such units on
hydrolysis .
S Sweet Carbohydrates
:
called
are
Sugars -
5
Carbohydrates
.
L &
V
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
·
which can't be further which Yield 2-10 monosaccharide: which yield large no of
hydrolysed on
hydrolysis. monosaccharide or
·
About 20 monosaccharides
· ex : Sucrose-Glu + Fru
hydrolysis
Maltose-Glu + Glu
are known- ~
no sweet taste so
ex : Glucose , fructose
, Ribose called
non-sugars
·
·
ex : Starch , Cellulose,
Glycogen , gums
-
.
6
Carbohydrates which reduce Fehling's and Toller's
reagent is called Reducing
Sugar -
.
7 All monosaccharide whether aldose or Kerose are
reducing Sugars .
, .
8 Monosaccharides :
.
9 Glucose :
Ripe Contain
grapes glucose in large amounts
i) Preparation in Glucose :
+
n
& 24220 ,
+
120 > CH 20 ,
+ G4 200
,
Glu Fru
11 +
(Col1005)n + n +
z0 393k2-3atm) nGH 20 , 1
Gl
Starch or
Cellulose
ii) structure of Glucose : Glucose also known as dexrose -
↓ molecular formula was found to be
GH2
.
2 forms
on
prolonged heating with HI n-Hexane ,
Suggesting
that all 6 Carbons are in a
straight Chain -
CH0
I
HE A
(CHOn)a
,
< CHy-CH2-CHz-CH2-CHz-CHy
chou
n -
nexane
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