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Hydrocarbons
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, 1Hydrocarbon =
compounds with
Hydrogen and carbon only
found in
.
2 Natural
gas is upper Strata when
drilling wells in oil
.
3 LPG causes least
pollution Kerosene Perrol
; causes some
pollution ;
and CNG Causes less pollution .
.
4
HydrCarbon
I
↓ ↓ ↓
saturated Unsaturated Aromatic
5. alkanes at So
are inere room temperative they are called paraffin
Clittle affinity)
.
6 alkane C -C >
-
154Pm
C H -
>
-
112 Pm
.
7 Butane-2
9
isomers
Pentane -
3
.
8 CHn-
> 1 Carbon
3
9 Hexane - 5
isomers
Heptane -
9
Decane -
75
10
·
Preparation of alkane :
From unsatured : PtGPd catalyse the
hydrogenation reaction at
hydrocorbs room temp . but Ni catalyst need high temp -E pressure
, CH
=
(H2 + MXxpt/Ni >
CHz
-
CHz
CHz-C
=
Ch2+ H2 Pd/Ni
> CHy-Chi-Cry
CH3-CEC-H +
22 Cpd/Ni< Chz-CH2-CH3
From alkyl halide :
flourine
- Not
+
Hy >
(Hu MC(x 1)
CH
-X + = x Br
, ,
2Hj -P +
1 (4) + H
CUCUCH4 +
>CrzCUC + H
E
Brck gether
CHzBr + 2wa +
,
>
CH-CHz + 2NaBr
Wurtz
reaction
[HgBr + 2Na +
BrEUyetery CUz
=
CH5
From
Carboxylic acid
3 :
Sodalime-mixture of NaOH + CaO
sodalime
X
Decarboxylation :
CH CooNa" CHy
,
+ Naoh > +
Na 3
Kolbe's elecnolysis :
CooNat
2CH
,
+
2110 Zecnolysis> CHz-CHz + 20 ,
+ H2 + NaOH
Anode :
CO2 CHC
,
Cathode H2
:
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