©SOPHIABENNETT
2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR
©SOPHIABENNETT 9/11/24 [Course title]
, ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM
AMSCO APUSH Chapter 1-15 Study
Guide with Complete Solutions
American Indian Societies 1491 - Answer✔️✔️-Some time between 10,000 and 40,000
years ago, people may have migrated from Asia to the Americas, across a land bridge
that connected Siberia and Alaska. Over a long period of time, successive generations
migrated southward to the southern tip of South America. They evolved to hundreds of
tribes, spoke different languages, and practiced different cultures. In the 1490s it is
estimated that the Native American population was from 50 million to 100 million
people.
European incentives for exploring and settling of America - Answer✔️✔️-In the 15th
century (1400s) there were three primary motives for Europeans to explore and settle
America were political, economic, and religious.
Political: In the 15th century Europe was changing politically. Nation states were
forming, where the majority of people shared a common culture and a common loyalty
toward a central government. The monarchs of these countries such as Spain, Portugal,
France, England, and the Netherlands depended on trade to bring in needed revenue
and they wanted to expand trade.
Economic: In the past merchants had traveled a long, slow, and expensive land route to
Asia. In 1453, this route was blocked when the Ottoman Turks seized control of
Constantinople. In order to find a route to the rich Asian market, European nations
funded exploration by sea. In 1492, Spain financed Christopher Columbus who sailed
across the Atlantic in search of a route to Asia. He landed on an island in the Bahamas.
Page | 1
, ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM
Religious: In the early 1500s, many Christians in northern European countries had
revolted against the Roman Catholic church, in the Protestant Reformation. The conflict
between the Catholics and the Protestants caused them to want to spread their version
of Christianity to other parts of the world.
Columbian Exchange - Answer✔️✔️-The Europeans and the original inhabitants of the
Americas had developed vastly different cultures over thousands of years. This term
refers to the transfer of plants, animals and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the
other for the first time. Europe received beans, corn, potatoes tomatoes, and tobacco.
America received sugar cane, bluegrasses, pigs, horses, the wheel, iron implements,
guns, and most importantly diseases.
triangular trade - Answer✔️✔️-In the 17th century New England merchant ships would
follow a triangle route. Starting from a New England port they would carry rum across
the Atlantic to West African. There the rum would be traded for hundreds of African
slaves. Next, the ship would sale to the West Indies (Caribbean), trade the slaves, and
take on a cargo of sugar cane. The last part of the journey, they would return to a New
England port and sell the sugarcane, which was used to make rum.
Middle Passage - Answer✔️✔️-Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. It was
miserable for the slaves transported and many died.
mercantilism - Answer✔️✔️-In the 17th century (1600s) most European kingdoms
adopted the economic policy of mercantilism. Under mercantilism, colonies were to
provide raw materials to the parent country for the growth and profit of the parent
countries industries. Colonies existed only to enrich the parent country. Spain and
Page | 2
, ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM
France had applied mercantilistic policies with their colonies from the beginning, but
England began to apply mercantilistic policies in the mid 17th century.
Jamestown (cooperation, conflict, identity, leaders, failures, success, reasons for
settling) - Answer✔️✔️-In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was
founded at this location. The Virginia Company, was a a joint-stock company chartered
by England's King James I. The settlement was located in a swampy area which
resulted in fatal outbreaks of malaria and dysentery. Many of the settlers were not
accustomed to farming and hunting. Trade with the American Indians was important to
the settlement and conflicts would halt trade and settlers went hungry. By 1624, the
Virginia colony was near collapse, so King James I took direct control and turned it into
England's first royal colony.
indentured servitude - Answer✔️✔️-Young people from England under contract with a
master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board,
then they were free.
Plymouth Colony (cooperation, conflict, identity) - Answer✔️✔️-This colony was started
by the Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massachusetts). Originally known as Separatists, they
wanted to organize a church separate from the Church of England. Several hundred of
them left England and moved to Holland. In Holland they experienced economic
hardship and cultural differences. In 1620, they sailed aboard the Mayflower to
Plymouth. In the first winter nearly half of them perished. They were eventually helped
by friendly American Indians and celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.
Massachusetts Bay Colony (cooperation, conflict, identity, leaders, failures, success,
reasons for settling) - Answer✔️✔️-In 1630, John Winthrop led about a thousand Puritans
Page | 3
