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SBCP: Microbiology Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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SBCP: Microbiology Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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SBCP: Microbiology Study Questionswith 100% Correct Answers
3 routes of blood borne transmission - Answer 1. Penetrative intercourse
2. Contaminated blood (transfusions, IV drug use)
3. Vertical e.g. breastfeeding, crossing placenta
HBV infection - Answer Long incubation period 6wks -
6months Non-specific prodrome fever and malaise 50% are
asymptomatic
Consequences of HBV - Answer Chronic active hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HBV E antigen - Answer E antigen is form of HBV core
antigen High grade infection
High risk of onward transmission
Likely to develop sequelae
HBV Markers - Answer HBsAg - current infection
HB Core antibody IgG - past or present infection
HB Core antibody IgM - recent infection
Anti-HBsAg - immunity
,e antigen - high grade
HBV DNA - Response to treatment
HBV treatment - Answer Interferon + Lamivudine
Note; Many patients will become resistant to Lamivudine - monitor HBV DNA
HCV Clinical features - Answer Usually asymptomatic in acute stage
70% develop chronic infection
May develop cirrhosis & HCC
HCV markers - Answer HCV antibody - past/present infection
HCV RNA (PCR) - current infection (antibody +/PCR - = past infection)
HCV genotype - guides treatment (Type 1 - poor response - 12 months of treatment
vs. Type 3 - good response - 6 months treatment)
HCV treatment - Answer Interferon
Ribavirin
HCV DNA to assess response
HIV clinical features - Answer Immunosuppression due to reduction in T cell function
Primary HIV: 10-25 days post exposure - glandular fever like illness,
lymphadenopathy, rash, fever
AIDs: Meant time from exposure to AIDS ~8years - opportunistic infections, weight loss
, Key opportunistic infections in HIV - Answer CMV (Retinitis)
EBV (Lymphoma)
JC polyomavirus (encephalopathy)
Mycobacteria (TB)
Toxoplasma (CNS infection)
Cryptosporidia (Blood diarrhoea)
Candida (Oesophageal infection)
Pneumocystis (Pneumonia)
Cryptococcus neoformans (Meningitis)
HIV diagnosis - Answer Presence of HIV antibody - ELISA
HIV treatment - Answer Antiretroviral therapy (ART) - suppression rather than
cure Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors Protease inhibitors
HIV assess response to treatment - Answer Viral load
CD4 lymphocyte count
Mutational analysis for drug resistance
HIV mother to baby transmission prevention - Answer C-section
ART to mother and baby
Avoidance of breast feeding
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