AP Biology: Macromolecules Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

AP Biology: Macromolecules Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Macromolecules - Answer️️ -Molecules composed of thousands of atoms: the four main classes being carbohydrates, lipids, prteins, and nucleic acids Polymer - Answer️️ -Chainlike molecules, consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. Monomer - Answer️️ -Make up polymers: connected by covalent bonds. Dehydration Synthesis - Answer️️ -(Condensation Reaction): Covalent bonds which connect monomers have distinct functions: One monomer provides a hydroxyle group and the other provides a hydrogen, creating water (as a biproduct) and a bond between the monomers. Hydrolysis - Answer️️ -Adding water to reverse dehydration synthesis, so the polymer recieves a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group Carbohydrates - Answer️️ -A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio between the hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides - Answer️️ -Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy, classified by the amount of carbons Disaccharides - Answer️️ -Double sugars with 2 rings ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM Page | 2 Polysaccharides - Answer️️ -Polymers, with many rings, joined by glucosidic linkages. Acts as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms Maltose - Answer️️ -A disaccharide formed by joining the two glucose molecules: found in malt sugar Sucrose - Answer️️ -A disaccharide formed by joining glucose and fructose, major form of sugars in plants: found in table sugar Lactose - Answer️️ -A disaccharide formed by joining glucose and galactose. People who lack the enzyme to digest this sugar are "intolerant" Glucosidic Linkages - Answer️️ -the bond that bonds polysaccharides Starch - Answer️️ -During photosynthesis: glucose is a biproduct that is stored in plastids and chloroplasts Cellulose - Answer️️ -Made up cell walls of plants, using beta rings Glycogen - Answer️️ -An animal polysaccharide. Human produc