NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is
experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the
most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - Answer-Nephrotic
syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening
on the dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct
name for this anomaly?
,A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - Answer-Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-
set ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation
associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - Answer-Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis.
Which statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are
deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - Answer-The exact
mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
,A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria,
proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause
of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - Answer-Henoch-Schonlein
purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - Answer-Fusion of the
glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever,
and abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
, D) enuresis. - Answer-acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - Answer-Urethral valves and
polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney?
(select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - Answer-Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of
puberty in females?
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