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Psychology 105 Exam 1 Study Guide fully solved
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Psychology 105 Exam 1 Study Guide fully solved
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Psychology 105 Exam 1 Study GuidePsychology - correct answer ✔✔The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Aristotle - correct answer ✔✔The first Western thinker to study psychological topics. He combined the
logic of philosophy and empirical observation. De Anima is regarded as the first systematic treatise on
psychology. Its topics included such basic psychological processes as the senses, perception, memory,
thinking, and motivation.
Wilhelm Wundt - correct answer ✔✔German physiologist, generally credited as being the founder of
psychology as an experimental science. In 1879, he established the first psychology research laboratory.
By the early 1900s, his research had expanded to include such topics as cultural psychology and
developmental psychology.
Edward Titchener - correct answer ✔✔Welcomed women into his graduate program at Conell. In fact,
more women completed their psychology doctorates under his direction than under any other male
psychologist of his generation.
Structuralism - correct answer ✔✔Early school of psychology that emphasized studying the most basic
components, or structures, of conscious experiences.
William James - correct answer ✔✔Harvard professor, instrumental in establishing psychology in the
United States. In 1890, he published a highly influential text, Principles of Psychology. His ideas became
the basis of another early school of psychology, called functionalism, which stressed studying the
adaptive and practical functions of human behavior.
Charles Darwin - correct answer ✔✔Naturalist, had a profound influence on the early development of
psychology. He was not the first scientist to purpose the complex organisms evolved from simpler
species. His book, On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, gathered evidence from many different
scientific fields to present a compelling account of evolution through the mechanism of natural
selection. His ideas have had a long lasting impact on scientific thought.
Functionalism - correct answer ✔✔Early school of psychology that emphasized studying the purpose, or
function, of behavior and mental experiences.
, G. Stanley Hall - correct answer ✔✔Helped organize psychology in the United States. Among his many
achievements was the establishment of the first psychology research laboratory in the United States. He
also founded the American Psychological Association.
Mary Whiton Calkins - correct answer ✔✔Under the direction of William James, she completed all the
requirements of a Ph.D. in psychology. She had a distinguished professional career. She established a
psychology laboratory at Wellesley College and became the first woman president of the American
Psychological Association.
Margret Floy Washburn - correct answer ✔✔After becoming the first American woman to earn an
official Ph.D. in psychology, she went on to a distinguished career. She made many contributions to
psychology and was the second woman to be elected president of the American Psychological
Association.
Francis C. Sumner - correct answer ✔✔Studied under the G. Stanley Hall at Clark University. In 1920, he
became the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology. He helped create a strong psychology
program that led the country into training African American psychologists.
Psychoanalysis - correct answer ✔✔Personality theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the
role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior.
Sigmund Freud - correct answer ✔✔Developed the theory of personality based on uncovering causes of
behavior that were unconscious. His school of thought, called Psychoanalysis.
Behaviorism - correct answer ✔✔School of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the
study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning.
Three Key Scientists in the Development of Behaviorism - correct answer ✔✔Ivan Pavlov, John B.
Watson, B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov - correct answer ✔✔Demonstrated that dogs could learn to associate a neutral stimulus such
as the sound of a bell, with an automatic behavior, such as reflexively salivating to food.
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