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NUR 104 Final Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+
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NUR 104 Final Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+
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NUR 104 Final Exam Questions And Answers RatedA+
pH value ANS 7.35-7.45
PaCo2 ANS 35-45 mmHg
HCO3- ANS 22-26 mEq/L
PaO2 ANS 80-100 mmHg
SaO2 ANS >95%
respiratory acidosis causes ANS central nervous system depression, pneumothorax, hypoventilation, bronchial
obstruction and atelectasis, severe pulmonary infections, heart failure with pulmonary edema, massive pulmonary
embolus, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis
clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis ANS • Dyspnea
• Restlessness
• Headache
• Tachycardia
• Confusion
• Lethargy
• Dysrhythmias
• Respiratory distress
• Drowsiness
• Decreased responsiveness
causes of respiratory alkalosis ANS anxiety (hyperventilation), fever (increases metabolic rate), pain, hypoxia,
thyrotoxicosis, central system lesions, salicylate intoxication, hepatic failure, pregnancy, early pulmonary edema
, clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis ANS Hyperventilation, Lightheadedness, confusion, decreased
concentration, paresthesias, tetanic spasms in the extremities, cardiac dysrhythmias, palpitations, sweating, dry
mouth, blurred vision
causes of metabolic acidosis ANS DKA, Starvation, Renal failure, Severe diarrhea, starvation, ketoacidosis,
anaerobic metabolism, salicylate intoxication
clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis ANS Headache, confusion, restlessness, lethargy, kussmaul
respirations, flushed skin, nausea, vomiting, seizures, twitching, weakness
causes of metabolic alkalosis ANS excess use of bicarbonate, lactate administration in dialysis, excess ingestion
of antacids, vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, administration of diuretics, increased
levels of aldosterone
nursing interventions for respiratory alkalosis ANS - Teach patient breathing techniques to slow down breathing,
holding breath..."rebreathing into a paper bag or re-breather mask
- Watch potassium levels (hypokalemia..remember hyperkalemia in respiratory acidosis & hypocalcemia) and for
signs and symptoms of low calcium and potassium levels.
- Closely watch patients on mechanical ventilation to ensure breaths are not hyperventilating the patient
nursing interventions of respiratory acidosis ANS O2, patent airway, repositioning, breathing techniques,
ventilatory support, bronchodilators, mucolytics, good chest physiotherapy
nursing interventions for metabolic acidosis ANS - Watch respiratory system and ABGs closely...if too bad may
need intubation
- Assess other electrolyte levels (esp. potassium because during active acidosis it will be high...however when it
resolves there is an extracellular to intracellular shift of K+ back into the cell which will causes HYPOkalemia)
- Watch neuro status, safety, and place in seizure precaution
- Dialysis may be needed if they patient is experiencing acidosis (high anion gap issue ex: renal failure)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis: administer prescribed insulin to help glucose go back into cell which will help the body start
regulating how it metabolizes glucose...hence not more ketones (acids)
- Strict I&O
nursing interventions for metabolic alkalosis ANS - monitor level of consciousness and vitals
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