Mosby's Canadian Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests 2nd Edition by Timothy Pagana, Sandra Pike-MacDonald, Kathleen Pagana
Mosby's Canadian Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests 2nd Edition by Timothy Pagana, Sandra Pike-MacDonald, Kathleen Pagana
Integumentary Diagnostic Grid Week 4 Module 4
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Test Bank For Mosby's Canadian Manual of Diagnostic and
Laboratory Tests 2nd Edition by Timothy Pagana, Sandra Pike-
MacDonald, Kathleen Pagana
Factors effecting Bowel Elimination (6) - ANSWER: 1. Privacy
2. Diet - bulk - high fibre
3. Personal habits - routine
4. Fluids - 6-8 glasses of water per day
5. Medications can cause constipation/diarrhea
6. Age - stool moves slower - constipation
Feces / Stool - ANSWER: Semi solid mass of waste produced in the colon
Moves through colon to rectum
Stored until excreted through anus
Stool is another word for excreted feces
Peristalsis - ANSWER: The involuntary, wavelike contractions of smooth muscles like
the esophagus or intestine.
Chyme - ANSWER: Food and fluids partially digested in the stomach before they
become feces.
Stomach - small intestines (ileum) - large intestine (colon) - chyme becomes more
solid = feces
Defecation - ANSWER: The process of excreting feces from the rectum through the
anus.
Melena (blood) - ANSWER: Stools are black and tarry if there is bleeding in the
stomach or upper GI tract.
Bowel Movements - ANSWER: Usually once every day
Sometimes once every 2-3 days
Formed, soft, moist, brown, not foul smelling, shaped like the rectum
Bowel Movement Observations to report - ANSWER: Abnormal colour, amount,
consistency, odour, shape, size, frequency of BM, pain, blood
Problems with Bowel System (4) - ANSWER: 1. Constipation
2. Diarrhea
3. Fecal Incontinence
4. Flatulence
, Constipation - ANSWER: Occurs because stool passes slowly through the colon
allowing too much moisture to be absorbed.
Less frequent BMs then the clients norm
Stool is dry, hard, difficult to pass
Can cause a heart attack
Can cause the client to strain
Causes of Constipation (6) - ANSWER: 1. Low fibre diet
2. Ignoring urge to defecate
3. Not enough fluids
4. Inactivity
5. Medications
6. Certain diseases
Constipation and the PSW - ANSWER: Ensure adequate activity
Increase fluids
Allow for privacy
Fecal Impaction - ANSWER: A solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the
rectum as a result of chronic constipation.
Signs of Fecal Impaction - ANSWER: Abdominal pain - swelling
Cramping
Feeling of fullness or pain in the rectum
Nausea or vomiting - vomit smells like stool
Increased urge or decreased ability to urinate
Liquid stool - dripping around the impaction
Digital Exam - ANSWER: Inserting a gloved finger into the rectum and feeling for a
hard mass.
Diarrhea - ANSWER: Feces passes rapidly through the intestines reducing the fluid
absorbed in the colon.
Frequent passage of liquid stool.
Causes of Diarrhea - ANSWER: Bacterial infections in the bowel
Medications
Foods that irritate the stomach
Pathogens (germs)
Dehydration can occur
Dehydration, Symptoms of - ANSWER: Oliguria
Sunken eyes
Dark urine
Pale, flushed skin
Coated tongue
Weak
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