PN 2003 FINAL LATEST QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
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PN 2003
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PN 2003
PN 2003 FINAL LATEST QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
chanes to the respiratory system with age
-PO2 reduced as much as 15% between ages 20-80
-loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of co...
pn 2003 final latest questions with complete solut
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PN 2003 FINAL LATEST QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
chanes to the respiratory system with age
-PO2 reduced as much as 15% between ages 20-80
-loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
-nose experiences connective tissue changes reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and contain fewer functional capillaries
-kyphosis
-
,changes to the cells of the body
-number of cells gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk to older adults
Gastroinstestinal System age changes
-decreased taste sensation
-esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions, and emptying time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, lipase, and pancreatic enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
,-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening of the muscles involved in
mastication
reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
Urinary System aging
-decreased size of renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
-decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow decreases 53% and glomerular filtration rate
decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive system
-fallopian tubes atrophy and shorten
-ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
-flattening of labia
-endocervical epithelium atrophies
-uterus becomes smaller in size
, -endometrium atrophies
-more alkaline vaginal environment
-loss of vulvar subcutaneous fat and hair
-vulva atrophy
-vaginal epithelium becomes thin
-cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries atrophy
-uterus and overies decrease in size
- breasts sag and less firm
-some retraction of nipples
-fibrosis and calcification of the terminal ducts
Aging of the male reproductive system
-fluid-retaining capacity of seminal vesicles reduces
-possible reduction in sperm count
-venous and arterial sclerosis of penis
-prostate enlarges in most men
-seminal vesicles having a thinner epithelium
-replacement of muscle with connective tissue
-structural changes in the seminiferous tubules include fibrosis, thinning of
epithelium,thickening of the basement membrane
-narrowing of the lumen
-atrophy of the testes
-reduction is testicular mass
-more time required for an erection
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