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EEB 2245 STUDY SET EXAM @
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EEB 2245 STUDY SETEXAM @ 2024-2025
what are key innovations from aquatic life to life on land - Answer limbs - provide
structure and support (fins to limb)
evolution of digits - specifiy navigation
what is tiktaalik and what does it do - Answer transitional fossil found to document
aquatic life to land transition for vertebrates
had fin like limbs that could support life outside of water - suggests it could navigate
outo fwater
why would moving onto land be advantageous for aquatic life - Answer warm temps -
local water limitations
food on land- competition for food source
what was archaeopteryx - Answer transitional fossil between dinosaurs and birds -
contains clearly reptilian and birdlike features - teeth, claws, tail, feathers, flight
why feathers if no flight? - Answer feathers seem to predate flight
sexual selection (mates had feathers)
thermoregulation (helps keep warm and regualtes body temp)
how did they know color of a. huxleyi? - Answer fossil - electron microscopy of
melanosome (melanin containing organelle controlling pigmentation)
if we know shape and size of melanosome we can infer color it was providing to
organism
how did flight evolve? - Answer ground up - running start and glide like a plane
tree down - climbing up trees and gliding down (paragliding)
still not sure - current research focuses on juvenile birds
turtle evolution - how did a turtle get their shell? - Answer turtles are amniotes like us
BUT form shells by rib dev. OVER shoulder blades and not UNDER like in most amniotes
found transitional fossil with an intermediate rib dev
, origin of mammals - ear bones - Answer well codumented set of fossils showing reptile
like mammals
- middle ear bones - mammalian middle ear bones are homologous to jaw bones in
relatives
jaw bones red. in size, specialized for hearing - mammalian jaw evolved dif. hinge
structure to make up for these bones being used in hearing
K-Pg Extinction - Answer Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event
Killed off the dinosaurs. Caused by a giant meteor impact. Allowed mammals to become
dominant life form on earth.
how do we know the timing of the k-pg extinction - Answer iridium is rare on earth,
common in space -
as researchers dug further into crust, encountered inc. concentrations of iridium ; found
that an asteroid hit earth and caused drastic change
we can see in the crust
what caused k-pg extinction? - Answer asteroid strike launched huge deposites of
caso4 - anhydrite and water
CaSO4 + H2O = acid rain
so we're subjecting species to pH differences - imp for species biology and metabolism
sulfur and other particulates would also hang in atmosphere blocking sunlight, affecting
photosyntheisis
asteroid impact also caused earthquakes and volcanic activity - deccan traps of india
(volcanoes released gases changing climate)
tsunami - 4 km tall wave
BUT all extinctions didn't happen at same time - drawn out process, env. was largely
modified - maybe some other species were able to survive (extinction may have had to
do with disrupted ecological interactions/lack of nutrients instead of directly asteroid)
p-t (permian triassic) mass extinction - Answer due to volcanoes in siberia - 252 million
years ago
simultaneous extreme volcanic activity happened on land and sea - altered chemistry of
atmosphere - massive CO2 emissions, warming, dip in O2 levels
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