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NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- cardiac, pulmonary, hematology, renal Exam with complete solutions
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NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- cardiac, pulmonary, hematology, renal Exam with complete solutions
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NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- cardiac,pulmonary, hematology, renal Exam with
complete solutions 2024/2025
Hematopoiesis - ANSWER- blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia - ANSWER- A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells,
in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis - ANSWER- formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia - ANSWER- Large RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia - ANSWER- small, abnormally shaped
erythrocytes that are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
normocytic normochromic anemia - ANSWER- Characterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER- anemia resulting when there is not enough
iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes - ANSWER- red blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
, Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia - ANSWER- A genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an
abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia - ANSWER- Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin,
usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
pernicious anemia - ANSWER- Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to
absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
hemolytic anemia - ANSWER- Characterized by an inadequate number of
circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by
the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO) - ANSWER- Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin - ANSWER- Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries
oxygen for delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy - ANSWER- Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric
acid. This acid is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily
absorbed by the duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes - ANSWER- Sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh
incompatibility, drug induced
Role of macrophages - ANSWER- Innate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
2. Secrete Cytokines: Recruit more cells, inflammation, fever, etc.
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