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NR507 hematologic Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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NR507 hematologic Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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NR507 hematologic Exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
the site of blood cell formation hematopoiesis varies with age - ANSWER- -fetus -
yolk sac beginning 3rd week gestation; shift to fetal liver & spleen by week 8 and
to bone marrow by 5 month
-birth to 5 years red marrow of all bones make blood cells
-after 20 years red marrow primarily located in ilium, vertebrae, cranium and jaw,
sternum and ribs, humerous and femur.
Hematopoiesis occurs throughout life and is stimulated by - ANSWER- infiltration
of the yellow or fatty bone marrow with red bone marrow cells.
faster proliferation and differentiation of stem and daughter cells.
Hematopoietic stem cells are - ANSWER- -are progenitors (apart of) of all
hematological cells.
-proliferate and differentiate under the control of numerous growth factors and
cytokinis to form the three types of cells found in peripheral blood: RBCs, WBCs,
and platelets
Erythropoiesis - ANSWER- formation of red blood cells:
-The growth factor erythropoietin is made by the kidney and to a very small extent
in the liver in response to tissue hypoxia
-is also stimulated by androgens (testosterones)
-Normal red blood cell level is between 4.2 to 6.2 million cells per cubic millimeter
(approximately 45% of blood volume)
, -able to replenish 1% of circulating red blood cell mass every 24 hours, which is
equivalent to 2.5 million red blood cell synthesized per second.
The mature RBC structure - ANSWER- biconcave spherical disk for maximum
surface area for gas exchange
reversible deformability to squeeze through capillaries
lacks a nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria ( Without these structures, red blood
cells cannot divide or do protein synthesis and can only perform anaerobic
metabolism,
lifespan in circulation is approximately 100-120 days (But in that time frame, it will
have traveled thousands of miles to our vascular system)
Red blood cells are essentially a sack of hemoglobin. - ANSWER- It is estimated
that there are approximately 300 million hemoglobin molecules per red blood cell.
Hemoglobin makes up 90% of the dry weight of the cell.
males 16
females 14
Hemoglobin has a unique chemical composition that includes polypeptide
chains, heme molecules, and iron.
iron - ANSWER- -The primary dietary sources for iron are meats, especially red
meat, dry beans, and eggs.
-absorbed through the GI track and combines with the plasma
protein transferrin (the transporter for iron)→ transport to the liver
for storage as ferritin then when needed is released from the liver
via transferrin →bone marrow →Iron enters the erythroblasts and is
transported directly into the mitochondria.
females 19-50 need 18 mg/day
females ˃ 50 and males ˂ 19 needs 8mg fe/day
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) - ANSWER- Primary sources are meat, fish,
poultry, and dairy
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