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Williams Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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Williams Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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Williams Essentials of Nutrition and DietTherapy Exam with complete solutions
2024/2025
Food: Change and Transformation - ANSWER- food -> simple sustance -> body
absorbs -> metabolic pathway in cell
food is a mixture of - ANSWER- chemical substances ad nutrients
nutrients released from food are unavailable to the body until they cross the ___
___ and are transported to _____ for storage or immediate use - ANSWER-
intestinal wall, tissues
health and nutrition allows - ANSWER- homeostasis
GI tract (alimentary canal) - ANSWER- tube that extends from mouth to anus
specific parts of the tract - ANSWER- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine (colon), and rectum
organs that lie outside the tract - ANSWER- pancreas, gallbladder, and liver
4 MAJOR FUNCTIONS IN DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION - ANSWER- 1.
RECEIVES FOOD
2. RELEASES NUTRIENTS FROM FOOD
3. DELIVERS NUTRIENTS INTO THE BLOOD
4. EXCRETES NONDIGESTIBLE WASTE
Physiologic and psychological factors influence - ANSWER- digestion
sensory stimulation - ANSWER- secretion of digestive juices and muscle motility
, digestion - ANSWER- first step in preparing food for use by the body
two types of action involved in digestion - ANSWER- chemical, muscular
GI secretions (mucosal lining) - ANSWER- enzymes, hydrochloric acid and buffer
ions, mucus, water and electrolytes
muscle layers from the outer surface inward - ANSWER- serosa
longitudinal muscle layer
circular muscle layer
submucosa
mucosa
longitudinal muscle - ANSWER- helps propel food mass forward
circular contractile muscles - ANSWER- rhythmic sweeping waves push food
forward (peristalsis)
sphincter muscles - ANSWER- act as valves (pyloric, ileocecal, anal) keep food
moving forward
mucosal muscles - ANSWER- local constrictive contractions to chop and mix the
food mass
intramural nerve plexus - ANSWER- Network of nerves in the walls of the intestine
that control muscle action and secretions for digestion and absorption.
taste is affected by - ANSWER- genetic differences, chemotherapy, medications,
zinc deficiency, radiation therapy, parkinsons disease, dementia
mastication - ANSWER- the process of chewing; enlarges surface area for
enzyme action
3 pairs of salivary glands - ANSWER- parotid, submandibular, sublingual
saliva secretions ranges from - ANSWER- 800-1500 mL/day
salivary secretions have 3 important functions - ANSWER- salivary amylase
begins the breakdown of starch
moisten food particles so they bind together to move down esophagus
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