PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE Huether TEST BANK
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CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY Q Q Q
MULTIPLE CHOICE q
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. q c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
q q q q d. q Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C q
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
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qmetabolic absorption. q
PTS: qq q 1 REF: Page 2 q q
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome qq q
ANS: C q
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
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most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
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regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
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information.
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PTS: qq q 1 REF: Page 2 q q
3. Which component of the cell prodNuU
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OMperoxide (H2O2) by using oxygen toq q q q q q q q q
q remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes q
ANS: B q
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
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H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
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from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
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synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
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envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate
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from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
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which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
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Oxyhydrosomesare involved in enzyme production.
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PTS: qq q 1 REF: Page 8 q q
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
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q cellinjury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum q q
b. Golgi complex q d. Lysosomes
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ANS: D q
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The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
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enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
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cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
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leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
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substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this
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process.
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PTS: qq q 1 REF: Pages 7-8 q q
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
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q pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
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theribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
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cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
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cellmembrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
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membrane. q
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
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membrane. q
ANS: A q
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
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for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other
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options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: qq q 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5q q q q q
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M q
ANS: B q
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
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period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase
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(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
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during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of
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