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Nurs 612 Physical Assessment Final Exam Terms || latest update 2024/2025
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Nurs 612 Physical Assessment Final Exam Terms || latest update 2024/2025
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Nurs 612 Physical Assessment Final Exam Terms ||latest update 2024/2025
What are the four basic heart sounds? - CORRECT ANSWER ; S1, S2,
S3, and S4
Where is it best to auscultate the Aortic Valve? - CORRECT ANSWER
; Second intercostal space at the right sternal border.
Where is it best to auscultate the Pulmonic Valve? - CORRECT
ANSWER ; Second intercostal space at the left sternal border.
Where is it best to auscultate the Mitral Valve? - CORRECT ANSWER
; At the APEX of the heart, Left intercostal space, mid clavicular line.
Where is it best to auscultate the Tricuspid Valve? - CORRECT
ANSWER ; Fourth Intercostal space at the left sternal border.
What is "Erb's Point"? - CORRECT ANSWER ; Third left intercostal
space left of sternum, mid clavicular line. This is where S1 and S2 can
both be auscultated.
What is S1 and where is it best heard? - CORRECT ANSWER ; S1 is
the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (AV) during early systole,
and is best heard toward the apex of the heart.
,What is S2 and where is it best heard? - CORRECT ANSWER ; S2 is
closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semi lunar valves) during late
systole, and is best heard in the tricuspid area (4th intercostal space to
the left of the sternal border)
What is S3, where is it heard and what does it represent? - CORRECT
ANSWER ; S3 represents passive flow of blood from the atria against a
distended or non-compliant ventricles during early to mid-diastole. It is
best heard over the apex of the heart with the BELL of the stethoscope
(sometimes with the patient in the left lateral recumbent position) and is
usually very to hear. It may sound like the word Ken-TUCK-y with a
"gallop" Can be associated with High Cardiac Output patients (septic,
athletes, pregnancies) ischemic CM, Hyperthyroidism, and anemia
What is S4, where is it heard and what does it represent? - CORRECT
ANSWER ; S4 represents more vigorous flow of blood through the atria
into the ventricles which cannot expand any further during late diastole
and early systole. It is best heard over the apex of the heart with the
BELL of the stethoscope (sometimes with the patient in the left lateral
recumbent positions). Can be associated with LVH or RVH, AS,
pulmonary HTN and Stenosis of any of the valves.
What is a Split S1? - CORRECT ANSWER ; May occur in RBBB and
with PVC's
What is Fixed Splitting of S1? - CORRECT ANSWER ; May occur
with ASD and RV failure
, What is Wide Splitting of S2? - CORRECT ANSWER ; Is associated
with delayed closure of the Pulmonic valve and may indicated pulmonic
stenosis and RBBB or by early closure of the Aortic valve in mitral
regurgitation.
Paradoxical Splitting of S2? - CORRECT ANSWER ; Occurs only on
expiration and is associated with delayed closure of the aortic vales,
usually as a result of LBBB.
What is meant by a Physiologic S3? - CORRECT ANSWER ; Usually
confined to children, young adults and pregnant women as a result of
rapid early ventricular filling. It is low pitched and is best heard with the
BELL of the stethoscope at the apex or the left sternal border.
What is meant by a Pathologic S3? - CORRECT ANSWER ; Also
called a VENTRICULAR GALLOP, is heard in adults with decreased
cardiac contractility, HF. It is the same as a physiologic S3 but has
pathologic basis.
What is an Opening Snap? - CORRECT ANSWER ; This is caused by
a stenotic mitral or tricuspid valve and is heard in early diastole along
the lower left sternal border. Best heard with the diaphragm of
stethoscope.
What is a Heart Murmur? - CORRECT ANSWER ; A murmur is a
prolonged extra sound heard during systole or diastole. They are caused
by disruption of blood flow into, through or out of the heart.
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