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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITION: CHAPTER 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITION: CHAPTER 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITION:CHAPTER 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
cells - Answer-all organisms are made of cells
simplest unit of life
all cells are related by their descent from earlier cells
microscopic/ measured in micrometers
Microscope - Answer-used to visualize cells
Important parameters of microscopy - Answer-Magnification
Resolution
Contrast
Types of Microscopes - Answer-Light Microscope
Electron Microscopes
Fluorescent Microscope
Confocal Microscope
Light Microscope - Answer-aka Bright Field microscope or Light compound microscope
-uses white bulb
-not great resolution
-long wavelength
-only resolves items 0.2 micrometers away or more
- keeps cell alive
Types of Electron Microscopes - Answer-Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs)
Transmission electron microscope (TEMs)
Scanning electron Microscopes - Answer-scan outside of the cell;
electrons bounce off surface and produce image; kills cell
Transmission electron Microscopes - Answer-capture inside of cell;
make a thin slice so electrons can enter cell to take picture; kills cell
Fluorescent Microscope - Answer-- uses UV light
- shorter wavelength
- better resolution
-add fluoresce to cell or use natural
Confocal Microscope - Answer-- add fluoresce to part of cell
, - 3D image
Cell Fractionation - Answer-centrifuge machine break apart cells into their different
components
Basic cell features - Answer-Plasma membrane/ Cell membrane
Cytosol
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Eukaryotic Cells - Answer-Kingdom Protista, fungi, Animalia, plantae
- a nucleus
- membrane bound organells
- cytoplasm: area within membrane including all organells/ stops at nuclear envelope
- larger
- selectively permeable membrane
Prokaryotic Cells - Answer-Domain Bacteria and Archaea
- no nucleus
- nucleoid
- no membrane bound organells
- cytoplasm: cytosol within membrane, including all the organells
-selectively permeable membrane
-evolved 3.8 billion years ago
Single cell vs. Multicell organisms - Answer-- more cells= more cell surface
- more cell surface= more metabolism
- single cell dies= organism dies
Phospholipids/ Lipids in cells - Answer-the basic fabric of biological membrane
organells - Answer-have their own specific job to complete for cell survival
Nuclear envelope - Answer-made of a double membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
Nucleus - Answer-- holds the DNA
- has nuclear pores
- nuclear envelope
- nucleolus
- chromatin
- chromosomes
- nuclear lamina
Nuclear pores - Answer-- pores in the nuclear envelope
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