CHAPTERS 1-4 CAMPBELL BIO TEST
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Biology - Answer-The scientific study of life
Emergent properties - Answer-New properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases.
Systems biology - Answer-An approach to studying biology that aims to model the
dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions
among the
system's parts.
Global climate change - Answer-Increase in temperature and change in weather
patterns all
around the planet, due mostly to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels from the burning of
fossil fuels.
Temperature - Answer-A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the
average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Eukaryotic cell - Answer-A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membraneenclosed organelles. Organisms with these cells: protists, plants, fungi, and
animals
Prokaryotic cell - Answer-A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membraneenclosed organelles. Organisms with these cells: bacteria and archaea
Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) - Answer-A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-
stranded helix,
in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a
deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G),
and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a
cell's proteins.
Gene - Answer-A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific
nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Negative feedback - Answer-A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of
homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the
initial change.
, Positive feedback - Answer-A form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a
variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.
Science - Answer-An approach to understanding the natural world.
Data - Answer-Recorded observations.
Hypothesis - Answer-A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the
available data and guided by inductive reasoning. Narrower in scope than a theory.
Inductive reasoning - Answer-A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a
large
number of specific observations.
Deductive reasoning - Answer-A type of logic in which specific results are predicted
from a
general premise.
Theory - Answer-An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates
new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
Model organism - Answer-A particular species chosen for research into broad biological
principles because it is representative of a larger group and usually easy to grow in a
lab.
Technology - Answer-The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose,
often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research.
Inquiry - Answer-The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific
questions
Element - Answer-Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
by chemical reactions.
Compound - Answer-A substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio.
Atom - Answer-The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Neutron - Answer-A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral),
with a mass of about 1.7 × 10^-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton - Answer-A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a
mass of about 1.7 × 10^-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Biology - Answer-The scientific study of life
Emergent properties - Answer-New properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases.
Systems biology - Answer-An approach to studying biology that aims to model the
dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions
among the
system's parts.
Global climate change - Answer-Increase in temperature and change in weather
patterns all
around the planet, due mostly to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels from the burning of
fossil fuels.
Temperature - Answer-A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the
average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Eukaryotic cell - Answer-A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membraneenclosed organelles. Organisms with these cells: protists, plants, fungi, and
animals
Prokaryotic cell - Answer-A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membraneenclosed organelles. Organisms with these cells: bacteria and archaea
Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) - Answer-A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-
stranded helix,
in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a
deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G),
and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a
cell's proteins.
Gene - Answer-A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific
nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Negative feedback - Answer-A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of
homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the
initial change.
, Positive feedback - Answer-A form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a
variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.
Science - Answer-An approach to understanding the natural world.
Data - Answer-Recorded observations.
Hypothesis - Answer-A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the
available data and guided by inductive reasoning. Narrower in scope than a theory.
Inductive reasoning - Answer-A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a
large
number of specific observations.
Deductive reasoning - Answer-A type of logic in which specific results are predicted
from a
general premise.
Theory - Answer-An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates
new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
Model organism - Answer-A particular species chosen for research into broad biological
principles because it is representative of a larger group and usually easy to grow in a
lab.
Technology - Answer-The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose,
often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research.
Inquiry - Answer-The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific
questions
Element - Answer-Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
by chemical reactions.
Compound - Answer-A substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio.
Atom - Answer-The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Neutron - Answer-A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral),
with a mass of about 1.7 × 10^-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton - Answer-A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a
mass of about 1.7 × 10^-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.
