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concurrent validity - indicator must be associated with a preexisting indicator that is judged to be valid 4 types of reliability - - stability: reliability across time ( E.G. test - retest method, parallel forms method) - representative reliability - internal consistency reliability (split ha...

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  • September 15, 2024
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ccj 4700 fsu -exam 2
concurrent validity - indicator must be associated with a preexisting indicator that is judged to be
valid



4 types of reliability - - stability: reliability across time ( E.G. test - retest method, parallel forms
method)

- representative reliability

- internal consistency reliability (split half method)

- equivalence reliability (intercoder/ interrater reliability)



conceptualization - the process by which we identify what we mean by a concept.- the product is
a specific, agreed upon meaning for a concept



concept - construct derived by mutual agreement from mental images (conceptions)



operationalization - the process of developing an operational definition



operational definition - definition in terms of specific operations, measurement instruments, or
procedures



reliability - requires that the indicator gives the same result each time the same thing is measured




Heisenberg principle - The idea that the system and practice of measurement exerts a
psychological influence on the people being measured, and thereby affects operating results.



how to improve reliability - - conceptualize clearly

- increase the level of measurement

- use multiple indicators

, - use pretests and pilot studies

- use established measures

- training of research workers/ interviewers



Hierarchy Rule - the most serious crime is the only crime reported. UCR



validity - measures the extent to which the measure actually reflects the real meaning of the
concept it is supposed to measure ( we can never be sure about validity, but we can identify measures
that are more valid than others)



Types of validity - - face validity

- criterion related validity

- concurrent validity

- predictive validity

- convergent validity

- construct validity



face validity - does the measure make sense?



criterion related validity - compare the results of the measure to some trustworthy alternative
measure



predictive validity - where an indicator predicts future events that are logically related to a
construct



convergent validity - do all of the indicators operate in a similar fashion?



construct validity - based on the logical relationships among variables



threats to internal validity - history

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