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CCJ 4700 - Exam 1 Latest 2024/2025 Updated Questions and Answers Guaranteed 100% Success.

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Inductive Reasoning - Inductive - moves from the specific to the general From a set of observations to the discovery of a pattern among them "why something happens" -> "whether it actually does" Purposes of Research - Explore - examine an issue or policy about which little is known Describe ...

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  • September 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • CCJ 4700
  • CCJ 4700
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ACADEMICMATERIALS
CCJ 4700 - Exam 1
Inductive Reasoning - Inductive - moves from the specific to the general

From a set of observations to the discovery of a pattern among them

"why something happens" -> "whether it actually does"



Purposes of Research - Explore - examine an issue or policy about which little is known

Describe - observe and describe the scope of a problem or policy response

Explain - answer "why?"

Apply - Applied research is often used to evaluate the effects of specific criminal justice programs

Two major types of applied research:

- Evaluation research

Comparing program goals to results

- Policy analysis Anticipate future consequences of alternative actions




What is tradition? Give an example. - Things that "everybody knows"

Ex: Driving on the left side of the road in the U.S. is dangerous



What is authority? Give an example. - Trusting the judgement of someone with special expertise

Ex: You are more likely to believe a judge regarding your driver's license suspension than your parents



Errors in Personal Human Inquiry - Inaccurate Observation - overcome by using measurement
devices

Overgeneralization - overcome by replicating the study to see if you get the same results

Selective Observation - specify in advance the number and types of observations

, What is the research process? - Problem or Objective - Describes what will be studied

Literature Review - Summarizes the prior research on the topic

Research Questions - Specifies what the research will answer

Subjects For Study - Whom or what will be studied

Measurement - Identifies the key variables of the study

Data Collection Methods - Explains how observations will be collected

Analysis - Specifies how the observations will be analyzed

References - List of materials consulted and cited

Schedule - A timeline for the various stages of the proposal

Budget - Species where money to support the research will be spent



Social Scientific Theory - Discovering what is, not what should be

- Cannot settle debates on value

- Problematic with evaluators

Ex: What constitutes a good parole officer?



Social science aims to find... - Patterns of regularity in social life created by norms, rules, and
observations



What are the two realities that explain how we know what we know? - Experiential - direct
experience

Agreement - what we've been told



What kind of patterns do social regularities represent? - Probabilistic



What are more often the subject of social science research? - Aggregates



What does social science distinguish? - The difference between the activities criminal justice
researchers do from the daily routines of most criminal justice practitioners

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