Pathophysiology for Advanced Practice
Nursing Study Guide
Laboratory findings associated with aplastic anemia - ANSWER Low MCV & MCHC
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood? - ANSWER Bicarbonate ions
What lab test is helpful in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER Elevated TIBC (total iron
binding capacity)
RBC obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of? - ANSWER Glucose
What lab value is usually associated with aplastic anemia? - ANSWER Pancytopenia
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both - ANSWER
Microcytic
PT & INR measure which pathway? - ANSWER Extrinsic
aPTT measures which pathway? - ANSWER Intrinsic
Which electrolyte imbalance may lead to clotting disorders? - ANSWER Hypocalcemia
The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by
which equation? - ANSWER Q=P/R
Which changes in the circulatory system occur in the older adult? - ANSWER *Increased systemic
vascular resistance
*Decreased elasticity of vessel walls
*Increased afterload
*Decreased baroreceptor function
,Pulse pressure is defined as - ANSWER Systolic pressure-diastolic pressure
A middle aged patient follows up today for a BP 156/94 3 weeks ago. They have no significant past
medical history, take no meds, but smoke 1.5 PPD, drink alcohol regularly, and exercise infrequently.
They are about 40# overweight and eat a high-fat high-calorie diet. Today's BP is 150/92. What is the
LEAST appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? - ANSWER Begin antihypertensive drug
therapy
The pain characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency include which of the following? - ANSWER
*Relief with elevation
*Aching and cramping
*Relief with ambulation
Drug resistance of microbes occurs secondary to - ANSWER Mutation of a microbe
Dietary zinc is an important defense against infection because it maintains - ANSWER *Lymphocyte
activity
*Natural killer cell function
*Neutrophil activity
*Complement activity
Antigen-presenting cells function to - ANSWER display foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to
MHC
Proteins that are increased in the bloodstream during acute inflammation are called - ANSWER Acute
phase proteins
Leukocytosis with a "shift to the left" refers to - ANSWER elevated immature neutrophils
The primary function of kinins is - ANSWER vasodilation to enhance inflammation
Passive immunity is provided by - ANSWER *injection of human immune globulin
*transfer of preformed human antibodies
*injection of preformed animal antibodies
, Active immunity involves - ANSWER *Active infections
*Vaccines with dead or altered organisms
Which disorder is associated with a Type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury? - ANSWER systemic
lupus erythematosus
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease? - ANSWER HIV/AIDS
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's
cells. These proteins are called ___ proteins. - ANSWER HLA or MHC
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by - ANSWER Recipient antibodies
The principle Ig mediator of Type I hypersensitivity reactions is - ANSWER IgE
Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by which of the following? - ANSWER *High
blood glucose
*Low protein level
*Corticosteroids
*Surgery
Anaphylaxis may occur in which types of hypersensitivity reactions? - ANSWER I & II
Which diseases are due to Type IV hypersensitivity? - ANSWER *Brucellosis
*TB
*Leprosy
A patient is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates
generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated
calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is: - ANSWER Myeloma
Nursing Study Guide
Laboratory findings associated with aplastic anemia - ANSWER Low MCV & MCHC
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood? - ANSWER Bicarbonate ions
What lab test is helpful in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER Elevated TIBC (total iron
binding capacity)
RBC obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of? - ANSWER Glucose
What lab value is usually associated with aplastic anemia? - ANSWER Pancytopenia
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both - ANSWER
Microcytic
PT & INR measure which pathway? - ANSWER Extrinsic
aPTT measures which pathway? - ANSWER Intrinsic
Which electrolyte imbalance may lead to clotting disorders? - ANSWER Hypocalcemia
The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by
which equation? - ANSWER Q=P/R
Which changes in the circulatory system occur in the older adult? - ANSWER *Increased systemic
vascular resistance
*Decreased elasticity of vessel walls
*Increased afterload
*Decreased baroreceptor function
,Pulse pressure is defined as - ANSWER Systolic pressure-diastolic pressure
A middle aged patient follows up today for a BP 156/94 3 weeks ago. They have no significant past
medical history, take no meds, but smoke 1.5 PPD, drink alcohol regularly, and exercise infrequently.
They are about 40# overweight and eat a high-fat high-calorie diet. Today's BP is 150/92. What is the
LEAST appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? - ANSWER Begin antihypertensive drug
therapy
The pain characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency include which of the following? - ANSWER
*Relief with elevation
*Aching and cramping
*Relief with ambulation
Drug resistance of microbes occurs secondary to - ANSWER Mutation of a microbe
Dietary zinc is an important defense against infection because it maintains - ANSWER *Lymphocyte
activity
*Natural killer cell function
*Neutrophil activity
*Complement activity
Antigen-presenting cells function to - ANSWER display foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to
MHC
Proteins that are increased in the bloodstream during acute inflammation are called - ANSWER Acute
phase proteins
Leukocytosis with a "shift to the left" refers to - ANSWER elevated immature neutrophils
The primary function of kinins is - ANSWER vasodilation to enhance inflammation
Passive immunity is provided by - ANSWER *injection of human immune globulin
*transfer of preformed human antibodies
*injection of preformed animal antibodies
, Active immunity involves - ANSWER *Active infections
*Vaccines with dead or altered organisms
Which disorder is associated with a Type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury? - ANSWER systemic
lupus erythematosus
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease? - ANSWER HIV/AIDS
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's
cells. These proteins are called ___ proteins. - ANSWER HLA or MHC
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by - ANSWER Recipient antibodies
The principle Ig mediator of Type I hypersensitivity reactions is - ANSWER IgE
Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by which of the following? - ANSWER *High
blood glucose
*Low protein level
*Corticosteroids
*Surgery
Anaphylaxis may occur in which types of hypersensitivity reactions? - ANSWER I & II
Which diseases are due to Type IV hypersensitivity? - ANSWER *Brucellosis
*TB
*Leprosy
A patient is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates
generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated
calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is: - ANSWER Myeloma
