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NURS 251 Cardiovascular Assessment Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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NURS 251 Cardiovascular Assessment Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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NURS 251 Cardiovascular AssessmentPrecordium - ANS area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels
Heart has four chambers: - ANS Atria and ventricles
Great vessels - ANS major arteries and veins connected to the heart
Blood vessels arranged in two continuous loops: - ANS Pulmonary circulation and systemic
circulation
Heart wall layers - ANS Pericardium: tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and
protects heart
Myocardium: muscular wall of heart
Endocardium: thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers and
valves
How many mums systems does the heart have - ANS 2
Atrium - ANS thin-walled reservoir for holding blood
Ventricle - ANS thick-walled, muscular pumping chamber
4 chambers separated by - ANS valves- backflow of bloodValves are unidirectional. Valves
open and close passively in response to pressure gradients in moving blood.
Four valves in heart: - ANS Two atrioventricular (AV) valves
Two semilunar (SL) valves
Two AV valves separate atria and ventricles: - ANS Tricuspid valve: right
Bicuspid, or mitral valve: left
AV valves open during heart's - ANS filling phase, or diastole, to allow ventricles to fill with
blood.
During pumping phase, or systole, - ANS AV valves close to prevent regurgitation of blood back
up into atria.
SL Valves - ANS are set between ventricles and arteries.
Each sL valve has - ANS three cusps that look like half moon
, Pulmonic valve - ANS right side of hear
Aortic valve - ANS left side of heart
Open during pumping, or systole, to allow blood to be ejected from heart
No valves are present between vena cava and right atrium, or between pulmonary veins and left
atrium: - ANS •Abnormally high pressure in the left side of the heart gives a person symptoms
of LUNG pulmonary congestion.
•Abnormally high pressure in the right side of the heart shows in neck veins and abdomen.
Oxygenated red blood drains into - ANS vena cava, follows route of venous blood
From liver to right atrium (RA) through inferior vena cava◦
From RV, venous blood flows through the pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery.
oxygenated blood - ANS From left atrium (LA), arterial blood travels through mitral valve to left
ventricle (LV).◦From LA, arterial blood travels through _______to LV.◦Aorta delivers oxygenated
blood to body.
Cardiac Cycle - ANS Diastole: ventricles relax and fill with blood; 2/3 of cardiac cycle◦
Protodiastolic filling: early passive phase◦
Pre Systole or atrial systole: atrial kick
Systole: heart's contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries;
1/3 of cardiac cycle
Same events occur on both sides of heart.◦
Right side requires lower pressure and sequence occurs slightly later.
First heart sound (S1) - ANS ◦Occurs with closure of AV valves—signals beginning of systole
◦Mitral component of first sound (M1) slightly precedes tricuspid component (T1).
Second heart sound (S2) - ANS ◦Occurs with closure of semilunar valves—signals end of
systole
◦Aortic component of second sound (A2) slightly precedes pulmonic component (P2).
◦S2 loudest at base
Third heart sound (S3)- CHF - ANS ◦Occurs when ventricles resistant to filling during early
rapid filling phase (protodiastole)
◦Occurs immediately after S2, when AV valves open and atrial blood first pours into ventricles.
◦NEW S3 is concerning and warrants further investigation*
Fourth heart sound (S4) - ANS ◦Occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricle
resistant to filling
◦S4 occurs just before S1.
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