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NREMT Advanced-EMT Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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NREMT Advanced-EMT Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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NREMT Advanced-EMT Exam withcomplete solutions 2024/2025
Initial Assessment: B-SMNAC - ANSWER- - BSI (body substance isolation);
- Scene Safety;
- Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/Nature of Illness (NOI);
- Number of Patients;
- Assistance (additional units, Fire, Police, etc.);
- C-spine (and/or C-collar)
Initial Assessment: G-CAAT - ANSWER- - General Impression;
- Chief Complaints, Life Threats (hemorrhage);
- AVPU;
- ABC's (airway, breathing, circulation);
- Transport Decision (Load and Go or Stay and Play)
Components of General Impression - ANSWER- ASSS-FLOP-VD:
- Apparent state of health;
- Skin color, obvious lesions;
- Signs of distress;
- Sexual development;
- Facial expressions;
- Level of consciousness;
- Odors;
- Posture, Motor, Gait;
- Vital statistics;
- Dress, Grooming, Hygiene
Components of AVPU - ANSWER- - Alert;
- responds to Verbal stimuli;
- responds to Painful stimuli;
- Unresponsive
,Secondary Assessment: OPQRST-I - ANSWER- especially for Respiratory and
Cardiac patients:
- Onset;
- Provocation/Palliation;
- Quality;
- Radiation;
- Scale/Severity;
- Time;
- Interventions
What is OPQRST? - ANSWER- a mnemonic for remembering the questions to ask
when assessing the patient's chief complaint or major symptoms
Onset - ANSWER- - When and how did the symptom begin?
- Ask the patient if the onset was sudden or gradual.
- Also determine if the onset was associated with a particular activity.
Provocation/palliation: - ANSWER- - What makes the symptom worse?
- What makes the symptom better?
Quality - ANSWER- How would you describe the pain?
Radiation - ANSWER- - Where do you feel the pain?;
- Where does the pain go?
Scale/Severity - ANSWER- - On a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst.
- How bad is the symptom?
Time - ANSWER- - Determine if the symptom has been present for minutes,
hours, days, weeks, months, or years;
- The length of time the symptoms are present is important to document
Secondary Assessment: SAMPLE - ANSWER- - Signs and Symptoms (history of
present issues);
- Allergies;
- Medications;
- Past Medical History, Pertinent Negatives;
- Last Oral Intake;
- Events (leading to present: trauma or medical)
,Secondary Assessment: V-FITD - ANSWER- - Vital Signs, baseline (VS);
- Focused Physical Exam (performed);
- Interventions (RX's per medical direction, etc.);
- Transport (re-evaluate decision);
- Detailed Physical Exam (verbalized);
Order of Initial Assessment - ANSWER- - B-SMNAC;
- G-CAAT;
Order of Secondary Assessment - ANSWER- - OPQRST-I;
- SAMPLE;
- V-FITD
S1 - ANSWER- "Lub"
Caused by the closing of the Mitral (Bicuspid) and Tricuspid atrioventricular
valves.
S2 - ANSWER- "Dub"
Caused by blood closing the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).
S3 - ANSWER- "Ta"
Oft referred to as the galloping heart, caused by blood sloshing around in a
compliant left ventricle.
S4 - ANSWER- A rare noise in the middle of "lub," caused by a failing left
ventricle and best heard in the cardiac apex.
Ta-LUB-dub, ta-LUB-dub
Septum - 2 Sub Types - ANSWER- Separates the two halves of the heart.
Interatrial and Interventricular
NSAID - ANSWER- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
Antipyretic Agent - ANSWER- Inhibits Prostaglandins
Acts on hypothalamus, heat regulation center.
Vasodilation & Sweating
Platelet Inhibitor - ANSWER- Prevents formation of thromboxane A2
Decreased Afterload Effects - ANSWER- Decreased Arteriole Pressure =
Decreased Aortic Pressure = Left Ventricle Works Better
, Decreased Preload Effects - ANSWER- 1. Venous Dilation = Decreased Preload =
Decreased Heart Size
2. Decreased Heart Size = Increased Blood Flow to Coronary and Collateral
Vessels = Myocardial Perfusion is Improved
A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system by? - ANSWER- Binding to receptors and blocking the release of
acetylcholine.
Sympathetic Nervous System - Other Name - ANSWER- Adrenergic Nervous
System
Medications typically administered via the subcutaneous route? - ANSWER-
Insulin
Epinephrine
Which of the following is NOT a form of liquid drug? - ANSWER- Capsule
Which of the following physiologic responses would you expect to occur
following administration of a drug that possesses alpha-1 (α1) properties? -
ANSWER- Peripheral Vasoconstriction
The function of a drug or the particular action of a drug on an organism is called:
- ANSWER- Mechanism of Action
Cushing's Reflex (Define) - ANSWER- Attempt by the body to compensate for a
decline in cerebral perfusion by increasing the mean arteriole pressure.
Cushing's Triad - ANSWER- SxS of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Increased Systolic Pressure
Widened Pulse Pressure
Decreased Pulse and Respiratory Rate
PAT: Pediatric Assessment Triangle - ANSWER- General Appearance
Work of Breathing
Circulation to the Skin
TICLS - ANSWER- Tone
Interactiveness
Consolability (Agitable)
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