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FGCU Microbiology (Exam 1) with complete solutions 2024_2025
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FGCU Microbiology (Exam 1) with complete solutions 2024_2025
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FGCU Microbiology (Exam 1) withcomplete solutions 2024/2025
Define microbiology - ANSWER- the study of microorganism
Define microorganisms - ANSWER- organisms that are too small to be be seen
with the unaided eye
Define pathogen - ANSWER- microbes that cause disease
How do microorganisms benefit humans? - ANSWER- they decompose organic
waste, produce fermented food, industrial chemicals, and they produce products
used in manufacturing and treatment
How do microorganisms harm humans? - ANSWER- a few microorganisms are
pathogenic and can cause disease
How does understanding microorganisms help us? - ANSWER- helps use prevent
food spoilage, prevents disease occurrences, and we can better understand how
aseptic techniques can be used to prevent contamination and infection
Sammelweis - ANSWER- advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of
puerperal fever
Lister - ANSWER- used a chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound
infections
Koch - ANSWER- made postulates that proved that a specific microbe causes a
specific disease (evidence for germ theory)
Postulate 1 - ANSWER- the same microorganism has to be present in every case
of disease
, Postulate 2 - ANSWER- The microorganisms are isolated from the tissues of a
dead animal, and a pure culture is prepared
Postulate 3 - ANSWER- Microorganisms from the pure culture are inoculated into
a healthy, susceptible animal. The disease is reproduced
Postulate 4 - ANSWER- The identical microorganisms are isolated and found in
the tissue specimens of the experimental animal
Fleming - ANSWER- observed that the penicilum fungus made an antibiotic
penicillin
Pasteurization - ANSWER- heat treatment of perishable fluids, like milk, beer, or
wine (prevents food spoilage)
Infectious disease - ANSWER- the state of damage or toxicity in the body caused
by an infectious agent
Germ theory - ANSWER- a specific microbe causes a specific disease
Antibiotic - ANSWER- a chemical substance from a microorganism that can
inhibit or kill another microbe
Bacteriology - ANSWER- study of bacteria
Biogenisis - ANSWER- the hypothesis that living organisms arise from
preexisting life
Spontaneous generation - ANSWER- the hypothesis that living organisms arise
from non living matter, or a "vital force"
How did Jenner demonstrate concept of vaccination? - ANSWER- He developed
vaccination for smallpox by inoculating individuals with cowpox (creating
immunity for smallpox)
Innoculation - ANSWER- the implantation of microorganisms into or onto culture
media
Incubation - ANSWER- medium is placed into a temperature controlled chamber
to encourage multiplication
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