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Neuroscience Exam 1 questions & answers.
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Neuroscience Exam 1 questions &answers.
René Descartes ANS -- Explained animal behavior in terms of a machine
- Proposed the concept of spinal reflexes and their neural pathways
- Free will and moral choice could not arise from a machine
- Dualism is the idea put forth that humans have a nonmaterial soul (mind) as well as a material body
- The soul governs behavior through a point of contact, such as the pineal gland
Localization of Function (Phrenology) ANS -- Different brain regions specialize in specific functions and
types of processing
- Considerable evidence that damage to specific brain regions cause predictable impairments
(neuropsychology); for example, Paul Broca showed that one specific aspect of language ability (speech
production) is restricted to a small brain area, based on patients with damage in that region (Broca's
area); also hearing, seeing, reading, and generating words are located in different areas
- 21st Center Perspective: Some localization of brain function (many different functions may depend on
the same brain area; one function may rely on many different brain areas)
Neuroscience ANS -- The scientific study of the nervous system with the goal of understanding the
biology underlying behavior and experience
- The root neuro cones from the greek word Neuron, meaning nerve or chord
a) exams the ways in which the structures and actions of the brain and body produce mind and behavior
b) the ways in which behavior and the environment modifies the structures and actions of the brain and
body - neuroplacticity (plastic here means flexible, malleable, from the Greek word plassein, "to mold or
form"
- Neuroscience is referred to as biological psychology, behavioral/cognitive neuroscience
- Involves multiple levels of analysis (social, organ, neural systems, brain region, circuit, cellular, synaptic,
molecular)
Correlation ANS -- Research technique that establishes the relationship between two variables by
measuring both variables in a sample of participants
- Suggests a relationship but does not establish causality
, - Correlation coefficient (r) ranges from -1 to +1 and reflects strength and direction; most in
neuroscience are between -.4 and +.4
- Scatter plot: chart on which each point represents an individuals scores on two variables
Three approaches to studying neuroscience of behavior ANS -- Correlation: establishes relationship
between two variables
- Somatic Manipulation: manipulating brain affects behavior
- Behavioral Intervention: Manipulating experience/behavior affects brain
Spatial Resolution ANS -the ability to detect and represent differences in spatial location
Temporal Resolution ANS -precision of a measurement with respect to time
Phones Gage ANS -Traumatic Brain Injury
H.M. ANS -Surgery
S.M. ANS -Urbach-Wiethe Disease
Degenerative Disorders ANS -Frontotemporal Dimentia
Golgi Strans ANS -Fill the whole cell, including details like dendritic spines, but only stain a small
proportion of neurons
Ramon y Cajal ANS -Used Golgi staining to better understand neurons and the idea of neural circuits
Neuron Doctrine ANS -neurons are distinct entities (individual cells) and information travels one way
from dendrite to axon
Nissl Stains ANS -Outline cell bodies because dyes are attracted to RNA, distributed near the nucleus
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