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CHEM 422 REVIEW - PSHMC MLS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHEM 422 REVIEW - PSHMC MLS EXAM QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
Name the 6 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary: -Answer ACTH, GH, TSH, PRL,
LH, FSH
Name the 2 hormones produced by the posterior pituitary: -Answer ADH, Oxytocin
Decreased levels of ____ hormone causes diabetes insipidus. -Answer ADH
______ hormone = uterine contractions and milk letdown during childbirth -Answer
oxytocin
Difference between exocrine and endocrine: -Answer Exocrine = secreted into ducts
(like saliva, or GI)
Endocrine = secreted into blood
What is an "intracrine" factor/hormone? - Answer Works inside of a cell (cell stimulates
itself inside of itself)
How is "Ultradian" and "Infradian" different from circadian rhythm? - Answer Ultradian =
faster cycle than circadian rhythm.
Infradian = longer cycle than circadian rhythm.
What category of hormones do these belong in:
Cortisol, Aldosterone, Androgens, Progesterone, Estrogens. - Answer Steroids
To which class do these hormones belong, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH, HCG, PTH,
,ADH, Oxytocin. - Answer Protein/polypeptides
To which class do these hormones belong, T3, T4, Catecholamine, Serotonin. - Answer
Amino acid-derived
Which class of hormones are hydrophobic, pass freely through membrane, and bind
with intracellular receptors? - Answer Steroids
Name the class of hormones that circulate unbound to protein, bind to cell membrane
surface receptors, and stimulate another messenger system in the target cell. - Answer
Protein/polypeptides
Name the class of proteins that circulate bound to proteins (and sometimes freely) and
bind to cell membrane receptors to stimulate another messenger system in the target
cell. - Answer Amino acid-derived
_____ from hypothalamus stimulates pituitary to produce _____, which stimulates adrenal
cortex to make steroid hormones (such as cortisol). - Answer CRH
(corticotropin-releasing hormone), ACTH
Steroids are synthesized from _______. - Answer Cholesterol
Cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, and estradiol are all a type of ____. - Answer steroid
What would the term be called for a disorder when the cause is due to medical
treatment (ex: wrong dose given)? - Answer Iatrogenic
Relative hypersecretion of ADH = likely ________. - Answer dehydration
What is "Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH" (SIADH)? - Answer When ADH is elevated
even though serum osmolality and blood volume is NL (can be due to tumors producing
,ADH, or due to drugs)
panhypopituitarism-? Answer Problem with the anterior pituitary with decreased levels
of all the pituitary hormones. an be due to tumors, surgery, SHEEHAN SYNDROM,
SIMMOND'S disease, etc.
simmond's Disease-? Answer Damage (surgery, tumor, infection, injury) to pituitary.
Symptoms = extreme weight loss, general debility, dry skin, bradycardia,hypotension,
atrophy of the genitalia and breasts, and prematuresenility
Sheehan's syndrome-what is it? - Answer Infarction of the pituitary postpartum
hemorrhage (a clot breaks off and migrates to pituitary gland -> hypoxic). Results in
failure to lactate due to decreased levels of prolactin and failure to resume menses
postpartum.
Name the thyroid cells that are secretory and secrete T3/T4. - Answer Follicular cells
The colloid found within the thyroid is surrounded by what cells and consists mainly of
______. - Answer Thyroglobulin
Which cells cluster along the interfollicular spaces in the thyroid, help regulate Ca,
Phos, and produce calcitonin? - Answer Parafollicular cells (C cells)
Nervousness and insomnia can occur from overproduction of what hormones? - Answer
Thyroid hormones
Low _________ levels in pregnant women may increase the risk of miscarriage,
premature delivery, anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, and pre-eclampsia. Also causes
post-partum depression. - Answer thyroid (T3/4)
What organ uses 90% of body's iodine? - Answer Thyroid
, Upon stimulation of TSH on the thyroid, what 4 molecules/ hormones does it release? -
Answer T3, T4, DIT (diiodotyrosine), and MIT (monoiodotyrosine). More of T4 is secreted
compared to T3.
What is the most common method of T3 synthesis in the body? - Answer peripheral
conversion
Diiodotyrosine/DIT gets converted to ___ wile monoiodotyrosine/MIT gets converted to
___. - Answer T4, T3
Which one is more metabolically active, T3 or T4? - Answer T3
Most of the serum T3 and T4 are ____ (free/bound to protein) - Answer bound to proteins
(inactive)
Ex: thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding albumin (TBA), transthyretin
(TTR), or thyroxinebinding prealbumin (TBPA)
Free T4 is usually ___% and T3 is ___% - Answer 0.03, 0.5
Clinical conditions that influence hepatic production or renal clearance of binding
proteins will affect levels of _____ (free/total) thyroid hormones but not the _____
(free/total) hormones. - Answer total, free
Pregnancy, estrogen administration, acute hepatitis, acute intermittent porphyria, and
certain drugs can ___ (increase/decrease) thyroid-binding proteins. - Answer Increase
Chronic liver disease, malnutrition, androgen administration, nephrosis, hereditary TBG
deficiency, acromegaly, and glucocorticoids can ___ (increase/decrease)
thyroid-binding proteins. - Answer decrease
Name the condition the following symptoms represent.
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