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MLS ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
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MLS ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+...
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MLS ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+Total protein - Answer Biuret method. ↑ dehydration, chronic inflammation, multiple
myeloma ↓ nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption, overhydration, hepatic
insufficiency, malnutrition, agammaglobulinemia
<4.5 g/dL associated with peripheral edema
Albumin same except decreases with inflammation.
Phenylketonuria - Answer Mental retardation. Urine has "mousy" odor.
All newborns are screened
Alkaptonuria - Answer Diapers stain black due to homogentisic
acid in urine.
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) - Answer Enzyme deficiency leading to buildup of
leucine, isoleucine, valine.
Homocystinuria - Answer Deficiency in enzyme required for metabolism
of methionine. Methionine & homocysteine accumulate in plasma & urine.
Fluorometry - Answer Atoms absorb light of specific wavelength & emit light of longer
wavelength (lower energy). Detector at 90º to light source
Used to measure drugs, hormones.
Chemiluminescence - Answer Chemical rxn that produces light. Used for
immunoassays.
,Turbidimetry-Answer Measures reduction in light transmission by particles in
suspension. Used to measure proteins in urine & CSF.
Nephelometry-Answer Similar to turbidity, but light is measured at angle from light
source. Used to measure ag-ab rxn.
Serum Protein Electrophoresis-Answer Acute inflammation↑ alpha-1 & alpha-2
Chronic infection↑ alpha-1, alpha-2, & gamma
Cirrhosis Polyclonal ↑(all fractions) in gamma w/ beta-gamma bridging
Monoclonal gammopathy Sharp ↑ in 1 immunoglobulin ("M spike"). ↓ in other fractions
Polyclonal gammopathy Diffuse ↑ in gamma
Hypogammaglobulinemia ↓ gamma
Nephrotic syndrome ↓ albumin, ↑ alpha-2
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency ↓ alpha-1
Hemolyzed specimen ↑ beta or unusual band between alpha-2 & beta
Plasma Extra band (fibrinogen) between beta & gamma
Creatinine - Answer ↑ kidney disease
Jaffe's reaction (alkaline picrate)
Ammonia - Answer ↑ liver disease, hepatic coma, renal failure, Reye's syndrome
Sodium - Answer Regulated by aldosterone
Chloride - Answer Passively follows Na+. Sweat chloride test for Dx
of cystic fibrosis.
CO2, total - Answer >90% is bicarbonate (HCO3-); remainder
, is carbonic acid (H2CO3). ↑ in metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - Answer All tissues. ↑ liver & bone disease. Levels
higher in biliary tract obstruction
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - Answer Highest in liver, heart, skeletal muscle. ↑
with liver disease (marked ↑ with viral hepatitis), acute
myocardial infarction (AMI), muscular dystrophy
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Answer Liver, RBCs. More specific for liver disease
than
AST. Marked ↑ with viral hepatitis.
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) Answer ↑ in all hepatobiliary disorders, chronic
nalcoholism. Most sensitive enzyme for all types of liver disease. Highest levels with
obstructive disorders.
Bilirubin - Answer Jendrassik-Grof method. Diazo reagent. Direct ↑ liver disease,
obstructive jaundice. Indirect ↑ prehepatic, posthepatic, & some types of hepatic
jaundice
ADH - Answer Reabsorption of water in distal renal tubules. Release stimulated by ↑
osmolality, ↓ blood volume or blood pressure. ↓ in diabetes insipidus.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Answer Regulation of Ca2+ & phosphate
Primary hyperthyroidism = ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca2+, ↓ phosphate
Hypoparathyroidism = ↓ PTH, ↓ Ca2+, ↑ phosphate
Aldosterone - Answer Resorption of Na+ in renal tubules. ↑ causes hypertension due to
water & Na+ retention. ↓ leads to severe water & electrolyte abnormalities.
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