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Sumario Tema 8: Fórmulas
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Todas las fórmulas necesarias del tema 8 de la economía de primero de bachillerato.
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- Tema 8. Fórmulas -• Método del Gasto: Pm: el precio que • PIN (producto interior neto): Tene en
paga el consumidor. cuanta el desgaste (depreciación) que
sufren las máquinas al producir.
PIBpm = C + I + GP + XN
PINcf = PIBcf – Am
- Consumo (C)
- Inversión (I = FBCF + VE)
- Formación bruta de capital fijo • RN (renta nacional): las rentas
(FBCF) recibidas por los factores nacionales =
- Variaciones de existencias (VE) PNNcf (producto nacional neto a cf).
- Gasto público (GP)
- Exportaciones netas (XN = E – M) PNNcf = PINcf + rfne – rfen = RN
• Método de la renta. • RPD (renta personal disponible):
parte de la renta nacional que
PIBcf = salarios + alquileres +
finalmente llega a las familias.
intereses + dividendos
RPD = RN – Td – Css – Bnd + Tr
- Dividendos = Bº - Bnd
- Beneficios (Bº) - Impuestos directos (Td)
- Beneficios no distribuidos (Bnd) - CoTzaciones a la SS (Css)
- Beneficios no distribuidos por las
• Método del VA. empresas (Bnd)
PIBcf = VA1º + VA2º + VA3º - Transferencias (Tr): pensiones,
becas, ayudas.
PIBpm = VAB + Ti – Sub
• RPC (renta per cápita): la relación
entre el nivel de renta de un país y su
• PIBcf: cuanto costaba el producto al población.
salir de la fábrica. !"
RPC = #º &'()*'#*+,
PIBcf = PIBpm – Ti + Sub
- Impuestos Indirectos (Ti)
- Subvenciones (Sub) • TV (tasa de variación).
-./'ñ1 23-./'ñ14
• PNB (producto nacional bruto): TV = -./'ñ1 4
producido por nacionales dentro o
fuera del país. • Pm a Cf: cf = pm – Ti + Sub
• Cf a Pm: pm = cf + Ti – Sub
PNBcf = PIBcf + rfne – rfen
• Bruto a Neto: N = B – Am
PNBpm = PIBpm + rfne – rfen
• Neto a Bruto: B = N + Am
- Renta de los factores nacionales
en el extranjero (rfne) • Interior a Nacional: N = I + rfne – rfen
- Renta de los factores extranjeros • Nacional a Interior: I = N – rfne + rfen
en la nación (rfen).
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