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Summary AP Statistics Review exam review 2024
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AP Statistics Review exam review 2024
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AP Statistics Review exam review 2024Addition Rule - P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(A) - P(A ∩ B) aids in computing the chances of
one of several events occurring at a given time.
Alpha (α) - The probability of a Type I error. See significance level.
Alternative Hypothesis - The hypothesis stating what the researcher is seeking
evidence of. A statement of inequality. It can be written looking for the difference
or change in one direction from the null hypothesis or both.
Association - Relationship between or among variables.
Back-Transform - The process by which values are substituted into a model of
transformed data, and then reversing the transforming process to obtain the
predicted value or model for nontransformed data.
Bar Chart - A graphical display used with categorical data, where frequencies for
each category are shown in vertical bars.
Bell-Shaped - Often used to describe the normal distribution. See mound-shaped.
Beta (β) - The probability of a Type II error. See power.
,AP Statistics Review exam review 2024
Bias - The term for systematic deviation from the truth (parameter), caused by
systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
Biased - A sampling method is biased if it tends to produce samples that do not
represent the population.
Bimodal - A distribution with two clear peaks.
Binomial Distribution - The probability distribution of a binomial random variable.
Binomial Random Variable - A random variable x (a) that has a fixed number of
trials of a random phenomenon n, (b) that has only two possible outcomes on
each trial, (c) for which the probability of a success is constant for each trial, and
(d) for which each trial is independent of other trials.
Bins - The intervals that define the "bars" of a histrogram.
Bivariate Data - Consists of two variables, an explanatory and a response variable,
usually quantitative.
, AP Statistics Review exam review 2024
Blinding - Practice of denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is
imposed upon them.
Blocks - Subgroups of the experimental units that are separated by some
characteristic before treatments are assigned because they may respond
differently to the treatments.
Box-And-Whisker Plot/Boxplot - A graphical display of the five-number summary
of a set of data, which also shows outliers.
Categorical Variable - A variable recorded as labels, names, or other non-
numerical outcomes.
Census - A study that observes, or attempts to observe, every individual in a
population.
Central Limit Theorem - As the size n of a simple random sample increases, the
shape of the sampling distribution of x̄ tends toward being normally distributed.
Chance Device - A mechanism used to determine random outcomes.
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