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Summary AP European History Exam Review 2024
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AP European History Exam Review 2024
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AP European History Exam Review 2024Benvenuto Cellini - Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous for
its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
Condottiere - Mercenary soldier of a political ruler.
Humanism - Recovery and study of classical authors & writings.
Individualism - Emphasis on the unique & creative personally (personality?).
New Monarchs - Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of England, and
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority
often by Machiavellian means.
Rationalism - Application and use of reason in understanding and explaining
events.
Renaissance - The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a transformation of
cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to classical or secular
ones.
,AP European History Exam Review 2024
Secularism - Emphasis on the here and now rather than on the spiritual and
otherworldly.
Lorenzo Valla - (1407-1457) Humanist who used historical criticism to discredit an
eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction over Western lands.
Virtu - Striving for personal excellence.
Baroque - The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter Reformation.
Brethren of the Common Life - Pious laypeople in sixteenth-century Holland who
initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living.
John Calvin - (1509-1564) French theologian who established a theocracy in
Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination.
Charles V - (1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and of
extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
,AP European History Exam Review 2024
Council of Trent - The congress of learned Roman Catholic authorities that met
intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile
with the Protestants.
Index - A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Indulgence - Papal pardon for remission of sins.
Inquisition - Religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried heretics and
punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution.
Jesuits - (Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching
and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
John Knox - (1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century Scotland.
Martin Luther - (1483-1546) German theologian who challenged the church's
practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the destruction
of the Roman Catholic world.
, AP European History Exam Review 2024
Sir Thomas More - (1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and chancellor of England.
Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly recognize his king as
Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England.
Nepotism - Practice of rewarding relatives with church positions.
Peace of Augsburg - (1555) Document in which Charles V recognized Lutheranism
as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince determined
the religion of his subjects.
Pluralism - The holding of several benefices (church offices).
Simony - Selling of church offices
Theocracy - A community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the state is
subordinate to the church.
Usury - Practice of lending money for interest.
Gustavus Adolphus - (1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won victories for the
German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the battles.
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