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PSYC 140 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS(ALL WHAT YOU NEED) LATEST EDITION 2024
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Course
PSYC 140
Institution
PSYC 140
PSYC 140 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+ 100%
GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS(ALL WHAT YOU NEED) LATEST
EDITION 2024
PSYC 140 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+ 100%
GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS(ALL WHAT YOU NEED) LATEST
EDITION 2024
Dispositions - ANSWER-Internal factors, such as beliefs, values, personality
traits, and abilities, that guide a person's behaviors
Schemas - ANSWER-A knowledge structure consisting of any organized body of
stored information that is used to help in understanding events.
Natural selection - ANSWER-An evolutionary process that molds animals and
plants so that traits that enhance the probability of survival and reproduction
are passed on to subsequent generations.
Parental investment - ANSWER-The evolutionary principle that costs and
benefits are associated with reproduction and the nurturing of offspring.
Because these costs and benefits are different for males and females, one
gender will normally value and invest more in each child than will the other.
Naturalistic fallacy - ANSWER-The claim that the way things are is the way they
should be.
,Independent (individualistic) culture - ANSWER-A culture in which people tend
to think of themselves as distinct social entities, tied to each other by voluntary
bonds of affection and organizational memberships but essentially separate
from other people and having attributes that exist in the absence of any
connection to others.
Interdependent (collectivistic) culture - ANSWER-A culture in which people
tend to think of themselves as part of a collective, inextricably tied to others in
their group and placing less importance on individual freedom or personal
control over their lives.
-Emphasizes interdependent, cooperation, welfare of group over individual
members
-Somewhat more common in Asian and Hispanic cultures
Hindsight bias - ANSWER-The tendency to believe that you could have
predicted some outcome that you've learned about—when in fact you couldn't
have predicted it accurately
Hypothesis - ANSWER-A prediction about what will happen under particular
circumstances
-A specific prediction that derives from the theory
Theory - ANSWER-A set of related propositions intended to describe some
phenomenon or aspect of the world
Observational research - ANSWER-Participant observation which involves
observing some phenomenon at close range
Archival research - ANSWER-Looking at evidence found in archives of various
kinds, including census reports, police records, sports statistics, newspaper
,articles, and databases containing ethnographic descriptions of people in
various cultures
Surveys - ANSWER-The most common type of study
-Can be conducted using either interviews or written questionnaires
-Participants can be a small collections of students or a large sample of the
national population
Correlational research - ANSWER-Research that involves measuring two or
more variables, and assessing whether or not there is a relationship between
them
Experimental research - ANSWER-In social psychology, research that randomly
assigns people to different conditions, or situations, and that enables
researchers to make strong inferences about why a relationship exists or how
different situations affect behavior
Third variable - ANSWER-A variable, often unmeasured in correlational
research, that can be the true explanation for the relationship between two
other variables
Self-selection - ANSWER-In correlational research, the situation in which the
participant, rather than the researcher, determines the participant's level of
each variable (for example, whether they are married or not, or how many
hours per day they spend playing video games), thereby creating the problem
that it could be these unknown other properties that are responsible for the
observed relationship.
Longitudinal study - ANSWER-A study conducted over a long period of time
with the same participants
, Independent variable - ANSWER-This is the variable that is manipulated. It is
hypothesized to be the cause of a particular outcome
Dependent variable - ANSWER-This is the variable that is measured. It is
hypothesized to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable
Random assignment - ANSWER-Assigning participants in experimental research
to different conditions randomly, so they are as likely to be assigned to one
condition as the other. It guarantees that, on average, except for the
manipulation, there should no systematic differences across groups
Control condition - ANSWER-A condition comparable to the experimental
condition in every way, except it lacks the one ingredient hypothesized to
produce the expected effect on the dependent variable.
Natural experiment - ANSWER-A natural occurring event of phenomenon
having somewhat different conditions that can be compared with almost as
much rigor as in experiments where the investigator manipulates the
conditions
External validity - ANSWER-How well the results of a study generalize to
contexts outside the conditions of the laboratory
-When researchers are unable to generalize the results to real-life situations,
there is poor external validity
Field experiment - ANSWER-An experiment conducted in the real world (not a
lab), usually with participants who are not aware they are in a study of any kind
Internal validity - ANSWER-In experimental research, confidence that only the
manipulated variable could have produced the results
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