NUR 321 Chapter Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales
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Course
NSG 321
Institution
NSG 321
In planning for the increased number and needs of the elderly in developed countries, nurses should realize which of the following? Choose all that apply.
1. Chronicity and disability will continue to increase. 2. Women outlive and outnumber men. 3. Most older people prefer to move out of their ho...
NUR 321 Chapter Questions with Correct
Answers and Rationales
In planning for the increased number and needs of the elderly in developed countries,
nurses should realize which of the following? Choose all that apply.
1. Chronicity and disability will continue to increase.
2. Women outlive and outnumber men.
3. Most older people prefer to move out of their homes and into an extended care
facility.
4. Older people, in general, are a major drain on societal resources. ✅1. Chronicity
and disability will continue to increase.
Correct
2. Women outlive and outnumber men.
Correct
One of the most important aspects of health care for the elderly is:
1. Focusing on chronic illness and disability.
2. Ensuring adequate housing.
3. Maintaining family ties.
4. Securing adequate income. ✅1. Focusing on chronic illness and disability.
Rationale: This is a goal from Healthy People 2010. Adequate housing, family ties, and
income are desirable, but are not within the direct control of nursing or health care
agencies.
The cohort that is expected to be the largest consumers of health care in the next three
decades is known as the:
Rationale: This is the largest cohort of Americans who were born between 1946 and
1964. The War generation was born early in the 20th century, Generation X was born in
the 1970s and the Sandwich generation does not exist.
A nurse is planning programs for a senior center that would meet the goals of Healthy
People 2010. Which program would address any of these goals? Choose all that apply.
1. Education for safe driving
2. Testing for genetic diseases
Rationale: A course on safe driving would meet the Injury and Violence Prevention
focus, and self-management of a common chronic disease is, also, a focus area.
Testing for genetic diseases is not a focus area of health promotion for an older
population, and while spirituality is an important dimension related to overall well-being,
it is not a specific national health objective of Healthy People 2020.
Rationale: This is information from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2004.
Nutritionists who advocate low-carbohydrate diets as a way to slow the aging process
are subscribing to which theory of aging?
1. Endocrine Theory
2. Wear-and-Tear Theory
3. Programmed Longevity
4. Cross-Link Theory ✅4. Cross-Link Theory
Rationale: According to the Cross-Link Theory, binding of sugars to proteins damages
proteins, which, over time, causes problems in various tissues. The Endocrine Theory
focuses on the decline of hormones in aging. Wear-and-Tear Theory proponents focus
on environmental assaults, such as alcohol abuse or smoking, as a contributor to aging,
and the genome as the master programmer for defining senescence of the human body
is the focus of the Programmed Longevity Theory.
Sociological theories of aging are characterized by what kinds of changes?
1. Intuitive
2. Functional
3. Role
4. Behavioral ✅3. Role
Rationale: Sociological theories tend to focus on adaptive changes in roles and
relationships that change. While behaviors and function may change as roles change,
they are not the central focus of this theory.
,Which is a common myth of aging?
1. Women comprise the majority of the older population.
2. Fewer than 5% of persons over the age of 65 live in Skilled Nursing Facilities.
3. Older people in the United States are, in general, healthier than in the past.
4. Being old means being sick. ✅4. Being old means being sick.
Rationale: While chronicity and disability increase with aging, many elderly remain
healthy into advanced age.
Which of the following screening tests is recommended to be done every five years by
Medicare?
1. Fecal occult blood testing
2. Prostate-specific antigen (males) or PAP smear (women)
3. Lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels
4. Mammograms (women) ✅3. Lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels
Rationale: Lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels are recommended only every five
years for those without cardiovascular disease. All of the other responses are
recommended to be done annually.
Which of the following represents an appropriate generalization about the elderly?
1. Intellectual decline begins at about age 70.
2. Social Security proves an adequate level of income for most elderly.
3. The aging experience is unique to the individual.
4. Psychological changes are unavoidable. ✅3. The aging experience is unique to the
individual.
Rationale: Chronological age does not reflect the uniqueness of each individual's
physiological and psychological changes. Psychological and intellectual declines are not
experienced by many elderly. Social Security often becomes less adequate as people
age and need greater resources.
A nurse is planning to conduct a health promotion program for senior citizens living at a
local assisted living facility. When planning the program, which of the facts should be
incorporated into the session?
1. Flu vaccines are recommended annually for senior citizens clients.
2. Flu vaccines should only be taken for immunocompromised older adults.
3. The use of flu vaccines in senior citizens meets the recommended levels.
4. Clients who take a flu vaccine will not need to have the pneumococcal vaccine. ✅1.
Flu vaccines are recommended annually for senior citizens clients.
, Rationale: The flu will claim more than 40,000 lives of people 65 years and older.
Studies illustrate that only 32% of Americans age 65 or older have not had a recent flu
vaccine and 37% of them have never received a pneumonia vaccine. By virtue of their
age, older adults are considered prime candidates for the flu vaccine. Clients are
routinely given both types of vaccines.
A nurse has been hired to plan for the educational needs of the residents in an assisted
living community. When considering factors related to disability and chronic illness,
which of the following factors may the nurse use to guide their decisions? Select all that
apply.
1. The rates of disability are greater today than in the past.
2. The majority of senior citizens have at least one chronic health condition.
3. Weight reduction is needed for more than half of senior citizens.
4. Programming related to arthritis and respiratory disorders will be useful. ✅2. The
majority of senior citizens have at least one chronic health condition.
4. Programming related to arthritis and respiratory disorders will be useful.
Rationale: The rate of disability has dropped in recent years. Approximately 80% of
senior citizens have a chronic health condition. Obesity is a concern for 33% of men
and 39% of women. Arthritis and respiratory disorders represent common causes of
disability for senior citizens.
A client is at the physician's office for an annual physical examination. During the
examination, the client voices resignation about the inevitable changes in his physical
condition as a result of his diabetes. Which of the following responses by the nurse is
most appropriate?
1. "Unfortunately, the changes you are seeing associated with your diabetes are
unavoidable."
2. "What concerns you most?"
3. "Diabetes is a permanent health concern experienced by many of your peers."
4. "Your own behaviors will have the greatest impact on your condition." ✅4. "Your
own behaviors will have the greatest impact on your condition."
Rationale: The course of diabetes may be heavily impacted by the behaviors of the
client. Potential changes relating to compliance with diet and medication regimen will
influence the outcome of this chronic disease. While it is important to investigate the
client's concerns this does not exceed the importance of providing accurate information
to the client. Diabetes is a health concern for many older adults but it may be easily
modified or managed with the correct treatment.
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