Introduction to Sociology ACTUAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Sociology - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-the study of human behavior in
society
JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-As founder of
Hull House, her books and articles were widely used by the
"Chicago School" to establish Urban Sociology. She received the
Nobel Prize in 1931.
AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The founder
of Sociology in the West that coined the term "Sociology." He felt
the scientific method should be applied to the study of society
(POSITIVISM) and that society was made up of forces of stability
(SOCIAL STATICS) and forces of change (SOCIAL DYNAMICS).
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY (1864-1929) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
As co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he argued that the Self is
formed through a lifelong process of interpretation of other's
reactions to our self-concept (LOOKING-GLASS SELF).
EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-In his
research on suicide, he argued that society is held together by
SOCIAL INTEGRATION. Those with weak social ties experience
ANOMIE, or normlessness.
,HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The
Founder of Modern Sociology, she published "Theory and
Practice of Society in America," in 1837. She is most often
remembered for her translations of Comte from French into
English.
KARL MARX (1818-1883) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-His works are the
basis for CONFLICT THEORY. He argued that CLASS
CONFLICT between the Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the Proletariat
(Workers) is the source of all social change, and that the ideology
of society (its belief system and thought) is the product of the age
and place of its occurrence.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD (1863-1931) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-As a
co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he saw ROLE-TAKING as
crucial to the development of Self in children. In a similar
approach to FREUD, he defined the "I" and "ME" as unsocialized
and socialized parts of the Self.
MAX WEBER (1864-1920) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-In "The Protestant
Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," he argued that religion gave
rise to Capitalism, not class conflict, as argued by Marx. He
believed that the process of gathering data must be value-free
and as scientific as possible. Replication of research is important.
W.E.B. DU BOIS (1868-1963) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-As the first
African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, he founded the
Department of Sociology at Atlanta University, and was a
founding member of the NAACP. From 1896 to 1914, he
published a yearly book on race relations
IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Wrote "The
Science of Civilization" that predated Comte and Sociology by
500 Years. His ideas predated Durkheim on Social Cohesion by
, 550 years and Mills' insight into Sociology as the intersection of
the individual, society, and history by 600 years.
Macrosociology - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Large-scale Sociology
Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Focus on the SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Patterned relationships that persist over time
Micro-Sociology - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Small-scale Sociology
Symbolic Interaction
Focus on the SOCIAL INTERACTION
The process by which people act toward or respond to other
people
The foundation for all relationships
and groups in society
WILLIAM ISAAC THOMAS (1863-1947) and DOROTHY SWAINE
THOMAS (1899-1977) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-As co-founders of
Symbolic Interaction, they argued that behavior is the result of the
specific way we look at life based on the views we learn from the
groups to which we belong. Behavior is the result of our
subjective reality, not of reality that exists objectively.
FUNCTIONALISM - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Organic analogy
Relationship of parts to whole
Functions (Positive effects in society)
Manifest Functions (Intended functions)
Latent Functions (Unintended functions)
Dysfunctions (Negative effects in society)
Focus on Stability and survival of society
CONFLICT THEORY - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A focus on group conflict
Conflict drives social change
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