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NUR 631 Final Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
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NUR 631 Final Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
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NUR 631 Final Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (GradedA+)
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - ✔✔d. Ventricular septal defect and
patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction of
trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border
throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical
findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - ✔✔c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristically have a
continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and
diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a
thrill on palpation and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the
other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot
to relieve hypoxic spells?
,a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating - ✔✔c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children to alleviate hypoxic
spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous return to the
heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options would not result in these changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - ✔✔b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - ✔✔a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - ✔✔a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although corticosteroids may produce some improvement
in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
,The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are born
between how many weeks of gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36 - ✔✔d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other options are not
true regarding the timeframe when the risk for RDS decreases. page 1292
What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Low birth weight
b. Alcohol consumption during pregnanc
c. Premature birth
d. Smoking during pregnancy - ✔✔a. Premature birth
Exp: RDS of the newborn, also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a major cause of morbidity
and mortality in premature newborns. page 1301
What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Immature immune system
b. Small alveoli
c. Surfactant deficiency
d. Anemia - ✔✔c. Surfactant deficiency
Exp: RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a deficiency in alveolar
surface area for gas exchange. page 1301
, What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonary edema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolar plugging - ✔✔c. Atelectasis
Exp: The primary problem is atelectasis, which causes significant hypoxemia and is difficult for the
neonate to overcome because a significant negative inspiratory pressure is required to open the
alveoli with each breath. None of the other options are considered a primary problem associated with
RDS. page 1301
Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?
a. Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial
hyperreactivity, and inflammation
b. Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance,
and diffuse densities on chest X-ray imaging
c. P!ulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that
obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
d. Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary
resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency - ✔✔c. Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal
expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts,
and vas deferens
Exp: Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a
protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas
deferens. This selection is the only option that accurately describes cystic fibrosis. pages 1310-1311
Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?
a. Autosomal recessive inheritance
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